Sedimentology of Volcanism–induced Aggradation in Fluvial Basins: Examples From the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

Smith, Gary A.

doi:10.2110/pec.87.39.0217

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This coexistence provides the occurrence of volcanic and non-volcanic deposits, as it has been reported in different geotectonic and paleoenvironmental settings, including large-volume stratovolcanoes, calderas and small-volume monogenetic volcanic fields (e.g. Smith, 1987Smith, , 1991White, 1990White, , 1991Haughton, 1993;Eriksson and Simpson, 1993;Hayes et al, 2002;Gran and Montgomery, 2005;Kataoka, 2005;and Martina et al, 2005;Manville et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Interaction between intra-continental sedimentary basins and small-volume monogenetic volcanism: Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins, Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field, Spain

Hernández

Moro

Gómez-Fernández

et al. 2013

Journal of Iberian Geology

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We study the volcaniclastic lithofacies interbedded between siliciclastic and carbonate sediments of Cenozoic-Quaternary age (8.7 Ma to 7,000 BP) in Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins (Central Spain). The siliciclastic and carbonate deposits correspond to fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary environments. The volcanic materials consist of primary and reworked volcaniclastic successions sourced from the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field. Pyroclastic deposits are related to monogenetic and small-volume volcanic centres, such as scoria cones, tuff rings and maars, corresponding to Strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruptive styles.Taking into account sedimentological constraints seven volcaniclastic lithofacies were distinguished. Type A corresponds to subaerial pyroclastic fall deposits, as is inferred by the common disorganization of the deposit, their breccia-like aspect with presence of large bombs, poor sorting and lack of tractional sedimentary structures. Types B1, B2, B3 and B4 have different volcanic sources and are interpreted to be the product of low-density (dilute) pyroclastic surges, with textural features indicative of fluctuations in flow regime. This interpretation is based on the fabric and grain size of pyroclasts, together with the size and geometry of the internal sedimentary structures. Type C represents a secondary volcanic deposit related to volcanic sediments reworked by transitional hyperconcentrated flows and dilute fluvial processes, having subsequently accumulated in braided fluvial systems. Finally, the Type D is interpreted as an intra-maar scoria/spatter cones related to the development of maars.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Interaction between intra-continental sedimentary basins and small-volume monogenetic volcanism: Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins, Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field, Spain

Hernández

Moro

Gómez-Fernández

et al. 2013

Journal of Iberian Geology

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“…Thus, each primary tuff of FA11 represents a single event of ash-fall in sub-aerial and subaqueous settings. The presence of in general well preserved, unweathered and, in some cases, partially articulated fossil mammals in these primary tuff deposits, especially in the case of "T-16", attests deposition in floodplain environments (Smith, 1987) (Table 2). In contrast, volcaniclastic facies suggest reworking of ash-fall materials by surface processes and admixture with epiclastic materials (e.g.…”

Section: Facies Association 11: Pyroclastic and Volcaniclastic Deposimentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The sheet-like shape and the dominance of massive bodies points to unconfined sheet-flood episodes that remobilized pyroclastic materials (Cas and Wright, 1987;Umazano et al, 2012) (Table 2). Incipient paleoedaphic features to the tops of these deposits indicate subaerial exposure, and development of incipient paleosols with very low net sedimentation rates (Smith, 1987), indicating short periods of landscape stability. Humid conditions would have hastened the development of these incipient paleosols.…”

Section: Facies Association 11: Pyroclastic and Volcaniclastic Deposimentioning

confidence: 98%

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the coastal Monte Léon and Santa Cruz formations (Early Miocene) at Rincón del Buque, Southern Patagonia: A revisited locality

Raigemborn

Matheos

Krapovickas

et al. 2015

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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a b s t r a c tSedimentological, ichnological and paleontological analyses of the Early Miocene uppermost Monte Le on Formation and the lower part of the Santa Cruz Formation were carried out in Rinc on del Buque (RDB), a fossiliferous locality north of Río Coyle in Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina. This locality is of special importance because it contains the basal contact between the Monte L eon (MLF) and the Santa Cruz (SCF) formations and because it preserves a rich fossil assemblage of marine invertebrates and marine trace fossils, and terrestrial vertebrates and plants, which has not been extensively studied. Ã 90 m-thick section of the MLF and the SCF that crops out at RDB was selected for this study. Eleven facies associations (FA) are described, which are, from base to top: subtidaleintertidal deposits with Crassotrea orbignyi and bioturbation of the Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies (FA1); tidal creek deposits with terrestrial fossil mammals and Ophiomorpha isp. burrows (FA2); tidal flat deposits with Glossifungites ichnofacies (FA3); deposits of tidal channels (FA4) and tidal sand flats (FA5) both with and impoverish Skolithos ichnofacies associated; marsh deposits (FA6); tidal point bar deposits recording a depauperate mixture of both the Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies (FA7); fluvial channel deposits (FA8); fluvial point bar deposits (FA9); floodplain deposits (FA10); and pyroclastic and volcaniclastic deposits of the floodplain where terrestrial fossil mammal remains occur (FA11).The transition of the MLFeSCF at RDB reflects a changing depositional environment from the outer part of an estuary (FA1) through the central (FA2e6) to inner part of a tide-dominated estuary (FA7). Finally a fluvial system occurs with single channels of relatively low energy and low sinuosity enclosed by a broad, low-energy floodplain dominated by partially edaphized ash-fall, sheet-flood, and overbank deposits (FA8e11). Pyroclastic and volcaniclastic materials throughout the succession must have been deposited as ash-fall distal facies in a fluvial setting and also were carried by fluvial streams and redeposited in both estuarine and fluvial settings. These materials preserve most of the analyzed terrestrial fossil mammals that characterize the Santacrucian age of the RDB's succession. Episodic sedimentation under volcanic influence, high sedimentation rates and a relatively warm and seasonal climate are inferred for the MLF and SCF section.Lateral continuity of the marker horizons at RDB serve for correlation with other coastal localities such as the lower part of the coastal SCF south of Río Coyle (~17.6e17.4 Ma) belonging to the Estancia La Costa Member of the SCF.

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“…Although some workers may incorrectly use the term volcaniclastic apron to loosely refer to any accumulation of sediment around a volcano or chain of volcanoes, the term has been used in a much more rigorous sense by sedimentologists over the past 40 y (Karig and Moore, 1975b;Sample and Karig, 1982;Carey and Sigurdsson, 1984;Farquharson et al, 1984;Fisher, 1984;Busby-Spera, 1985, 1988Cas and Wright, 1987;Smith, 1987;White and BusbySpera, 1987;Houghton and Landis, 1989;Palmer and Walton, 1990;Fisher and Smith, 1991;Fisher and Schmincke, 1994;Smith and Landis, 1995;Orton, 1996;Wright, 1996;Mitchell, 2000;Carey, 2000;Gamberi, 2001;Karátson and Németh, 2001;Allen et al, 2006;Casalbore et al, 2010;Carey and Schneider, 2011). In these papers, a volcaniclastic apron is defined as a thick accumulation of coarse volcanic debris that fringes a volcano or a chain of volcanoes and builds outward from them; volcaniclastic aprons are fan shaped or are composed of coalescing fans that form a wedge.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Depositional Environment At Site U1437: Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Expedition 350 summary

Tamura¹,

Busby²,

Blum³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Hole U1436A (proposed Site IBM-4GT) lies in the western part of the Izu fore-arc basin, ~60 km east of the arc-front volcano Aogashima, ~170 km west of the axis of the Izu-Bonin Trench, and 1.5 km west of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 792, at 1776 meters below sea level (mbsl). It was drilled as a 150 m deep geotechnical test hole for potential future deep drilling (5500 meters below seafloor [mbsf ]) at proposed Site IBM-4 using the D/V Chikyu. Core from Site U1436 yielded a rich record of Late Pleistocene explosive volcanism, including a distinctive black glassy mafic ash layer that may record a large-volume subaqueous eruption on the Izu arc front. Because of the importance of this discovery, Site U1436 was drilled in three additional holes (U1436B, U1436C, and U1436D), as part of a contingency operation, in an attempt to get better recovery on the black glassy mafic ash layer and its enclosing sediments and to better constrain its thickness.IODP Site U1437 is located in the Izu rear arc, ~330 km west of the axis of the Izu-Bonin Trench and ~90 km west of the arc-front volcanoes Myojinsho and Myojin Knoll, at 2117 mbsl. The primary scientific objective for Site U1437 was to characterize "the missing half of the subduction factory" because numerous ODP/Integrated Ocean Drilling Program sites had been drilled in the arc-front to fore-arc region (i.e., ODP Site 782A Leg 126), but this was the first site to be drilled in the rear-arc region of the Izu arc. A complete view of the arc system is needed to understand the formation of oceanic arc crust and its evolution into continental crust. Site U1437 on the rear arc had excellent core recovery in Holes U1437B and U1437D, and we succeeded in hanging the longest casing ever in the history of R/V JOIDES Resolution scientific drilling (1085.6 m) in Hole U1437E and cored to 1806.5 mbsf.The stratigraphy at Site U1437 was divided into seven lithostratigraphic units (I-VII) that were distinguished from each other based on the proportions and characteristics of tuffaceous mud/mudstone and interbedded tuff, lapilli-tuff, and tuff-breccia. The section is much more mud rich than expected, with ~60% tuffaceous mud for the section as a whole (89% in the uppermost 433 m) and high sedimentation rates of 100-260 m/My for the upper 1320 m (Units I-V). The proportion (40%) and grain size of volcaniclastics are much smaller than expected for an intra-arc basin, composed half of ash/tuff and half of lapilli-tuff of fine grain size (clasts <3 cm). These volcaniclastics were deposited by suspension settling through water and from density currents, in relatively distal settings. Volcanic blocks are only sparsely scattered through the lowermost 25% of the section (Units VI and VII, 1320-1806.5 mbsf ), which includes hyaloclastite, in situ quench-fragmented blocks, and a rhyolite peperite intrusion (i.e., proximal deposits). The transition from unconsolidated to lithified rocks occurred progressively; however, sediments were consider...

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Sedimentology of Volcanism–induced Aggradation in Fluvial Basins: Examples From the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Interaction between intra-continental sedimentary basins and small-volume monogenetic volcanism: Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins, Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field, Spain

Interaction between intra-continental sedimentary basins and small-volume monogenetic volcanism: Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins, Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field, Spain

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the coastal Monte Léon and Santa Cruz formations (Early Miocene) at Rincón del Buque, Southern Patagonia: A revisited locality

Expedition 350 summary

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