Interaction between intra-continental sedimentary basins and small-volume monogenetic volcanism: Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins, Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field, Spain

Abstract

We study the volcaniclastic lithofacies interbedded between siliciclastic and carbonate sediments of Cenozoic-Quaternary age (8.7 Ma to 7,000 BP) in Argamasilla and Calzada-Moral basins (Central Spain). The siliciclastic and carbonate deposits correspond to fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary environments. The volcanic materials consist of primary and reworked volcaniclastic successions sourced from the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field. Pyroclastic deposits are related to monogenetic and small-volume volcanic centres, such as scoria cones, tuff rings and maars, corresponding to Strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruptive styles.Taking into account sedimentological constraints seven volcaniclastic lithofacies were distinguished. Type A corresponds to subaerial pyroclastic fall deposits, as is inferred by the common disorganization of the deposit, their breccia-like aspect with presence of large bombs, poor sorting and lack of tractional sedimentary structures. Types B1, B2, B3 and B4 have different volcanic sources and are interpreted to be the product of low-density (dilute) pyroclastic surges, with textural features indicative of fluctuations in flow regime. This interpretation is based on the fabric and grain size of pyroclasts, together with the size and geometry of the internal sedimentary structures. Type C represents a secondary volcanic deposit related to volcanic sediments reworked by transitional hyperconcentrated flows and dilute fluvial processes, having subsequently accumulated in braided fluvial systems. Finally, the Type D is interpreted as an intra-maar scoria/spatter cones related to the development of maars.

Geomorphological evolution and chronology of the eruptive activity of the Columba and Cuevas volcanoes (Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field, Ciudad Real, Central Spain)

“…In the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field (CCVF) numerous investigations have been carried out, mostly concerning its petrology and geochemistry (Ancochea, 1983(Ancochea, , 2004Cebriá, 1992;López Ruiz et al, 1993;Cebriá and López-Ruiz, 1995), structural geophysics (Bergamín, 1986;Granja Bruña et al, 2015), soil science (Raggi, 1983), volcanostratigraphy (Molina, 1975;Gallardo, 2005), and the interactions between volcanic activity and sedimentation (Herrero-Hernández et al, 2012. Moreover, significant effort has been made in the last decades to characterize the physical volcanology and geomorphology of the CCVF volcanoes (e.g., Poblete, 1994Poblete, , 2016González et al, 2007González et al, , 2010aGonzález et al, , 2010bStoppa et al, 2012;Carracedo Sánchez et al, 2012Becerra, 2013).…”

Landforms in the Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field (Ciudad Real, Central Spain)

“…The lava flows and volcaniclastic deposits were interbedded with fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the extensional basins (Late Miocene -Quaternary age) that resulted in the formation of a very complete set of sedimentary depositional environments (e.g. Herrero-Hernández, López-Moro, Gómez-Fernández, & Martín-Serrano, 2012, 2015, that occur after the Betic compression of the Serravalian-Tortonian ( Figure 2).…”

“…The CCVF is characterized by basic monogenic intraplate volcanism (basalts, melilitites and nephelinites). That is to say, with central, simple volcanoes articulated around WNW-ESE primary structural lines and NE-SW to NE-SW secondary ones (Figure 3), following regional order fractures that cut the Hercynian base (Ancochea, 1983;Cebriá, 1992;Herrero-Hernández et al, 2012;Martín-Serrano, Monteserín, Ancochea, Herrero-Hernández, & Rey, 2011). The predominant volcano types are maars, cinder cones and exogenous domes (Poblete, 1994).…”

“…To be more specific, the first geomorphological mapping carried out in Spain was in the late 1970s, and was produced mostly in black and white at a scale of 1:100,000 (Castañón, 1989;Ibañez, 1976;Pellicer, 1984;Peña, 1983). From the late 1980s and early 1990s a new stage in Spanish geomorphological mapping began, with the use of the French mapping system, incorporating colour representation and higher resolution at scales of 1:50,000 to 1:25,000 (Arnaez & García-Ruiz, 1990;Frochoso, 1990;García-Ruiz, 1989;García-Ruiz & Arnaez, 1991;García-Ruiz, Bordonau, Martínez de Pisón, & Vilaplana, 1992;Herrero, 1988). The twenty-first century has seen the beginning of a new trend based on the production of digital, geomorphological mapping, assisted by vector graphics software (CorelDraw, Freehand, etc.…”