Sedimentary geology and geochemical approach to determine depositional environment of the Triassic turbidites bearing Semanggol Formation, NW Peninsular Malaysia

Sajid, Zulqarnain; Ismail, Mokhtar Che; Tsegab, Haylay; Hanif, Tanzila; Ahmed, Nisar

doi:10.1016/j.jnggs.2020.07.001

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The thickness of the sedimentary layer was increased in Bagan Serai and Semanggol due to the sedimentary rock of the Semanggol Formation exposed in northern Perak (Jasin & Harun, 2007). The metamorphic layer is the third layer with a maximum thickness in Semanggol and Beriah areas that had been studied by Sajid et al (2020). Lastly, granite has been found as the bedrock layer of the model.…”

Section: Lithological Layer and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 93%

Delineation of Lithological Formation in Bukit Merah, Semanggol, Perak Using Groundwater Modelling Software

2021

JAFE

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The knowledge of lithological formation is important to determine the potential aquifer for water resources management. This study aims to delineate the lithological formation of Bukit Merah, Semanggol using geological data. The preparation of lithological formation in the study was based on several factors such as electrical resistivity survey data, available well lithologies, geological map, and geological-related studies in the study area. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profile produced from the resistivity survey was interpreted based on previous studies to determine the subsurface materials on the location. The estimation of soil lithology for the remaining wells was done to generate the overall subsoil pattern in the study area. A total of 15 types of soil were classified to represent the actual lithology in the study area. The simplification of the actual lithology was carried out based on rocks and soils group. The elevation of the ground surface and each soil layer were imported into Visual MODFLOW software, then the interpolation of elevation points was done. Two interpolators; Kriging and Natural Neighbouring were used to generate ground surface and model layers similar to the topography in the study area. As a result, it has been identified that the study areas consist of 4 main layers of lithological formation which are unconsolidated deposit, sedimentary, metamorphic, and granite. The upper layer is dominated by unconsolidated with a maximum thickness of about 150 m in the coastal area. Hence, it is concluded that the unconsolidated deposit layer in Bukit Merah is highly potential with groundwater resources in the alluvium aquifer at the upper layer which has the potential to be developed for purpose of irrigation in a paddy field in the Kerian area.

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Section: Lithological Layer and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 93%

Delineation of Lithological Formation in Bukit Merah, Semanggol, Perak Using Groundwater Modelling Software

2021

JAFE

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“…Nine sedimentary facies (Facies Fsg1-Fsg9) (Table 1) were identified in the Semanggol Formation and characterized into four major facies associations (FAs): (1) FA I, channel-fill complex; (2) FA II, levee or overbank; (3) FA III, distal lobes; and (4) FA IV, mass transport complexes (MTCs). The study area is dominated by the channel axis, levee deposits, and distal lobes within submarine fan settings [38]. The Tmax values range between 313 °C and 610 °C for all samples, indicating immature to post-mature thermal evolution.…”

Section: Sedimentary Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of Paleosalinity, Paleoredox, Paleoproductivity/Preservation on the Organic Matter Enrichment in Black Shales from Triassic Turbidites of Semanggol Basin, Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2020

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Turbidite-associated black shale of the Semanggol Formation is extensively distributed in the northwestern part of the Western Belt, Peninsular Malaysia. The black shale occurs as a dark grey to black and thick to medium-bedded deposit. It represents the distal part of submarine fan system (outer-fan) overlying interbedded sandstone to shale facies of the mid-fan and conglomeratic pebbly sandstone facies of the inner-fan. Field observations and its widespread occurrence have resulted in the black shale being considered as a potential analog for a source rock in offshore Peninsular Malaysia. The present study includes detailed mineralogical (XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis), inorganic geochemical (major oxides, trace elements TEs, and rare earth elements REEs), and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses of the black shale samples, collected from the Gunung Semanggol, Bukit Merah, and Nami areas in northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the provenance, paleoredox conditions, paleoclimate, sedimentary rate, paleoproductivity, and upwelling system that would be helpful to understanding the role of these parameters in the enrichment of organic matter (OM) in the black shale. The Rock-Eval analysis shows that the black shale of the Semanggol Formation comprises type-III kerogens, which suggests organic input from a terrestrial source. The black shale also contains mature to postmature organic matter. Based on the mineralogical analysis, the mineral composition of the black shale comprises illite and kaolinite, with abundant traces of quartz and feldspar as well as few traces of titanium and zircon. Inorganic geochemical data designate black shale deposition in a passive margin setting that has experienced moderate to strong weathering, semi-arid to hot arid climate, and moderate sedimentation rate. Ratios of Ni/Co, U/Th, and V/(V+Ni) along with slightly negative to positive Ce* anomalies and UEF-MoEF cross-plot unanimously indicate anoxic/dysoxic water conditions that are suitable for organic matter preservation. Geochemical proxies related to modern upwelling settings (i.e., Cd/Mo, Co vs. Mn) show that the deep marine black shale was strongly influenced by persistent upwelling, a first-order controlling factor for organic matter enrichment in the distal part (outer fan of the submarine fan system) of the Semanggol Basin. However, productivity-controlled upwelling and a high sedimentary rate, as well as high-productivity in oxygen-depleted settings without strong anoxic conditions, has played an essential role in the accumulation of organic matter.

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“…Previous studies have been carried out to characterize the provenance, tectonic setting, and paleoclimate in the Western Belt and Sarawak basin in Malaysia [14,15], but there is poor knowledge about the provenance, tectonic setting, and paleoweathering of black shale sequences that crop out in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of the Devonian and Permo-Triassic Black Shales in Peninsular Malaysia: Insights into Provenance, Tectonic Setting, and Source Rock Weathering

2023

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Selected Malaysian black shale sequences of the Permo-Triassic and Devonian ages that crop out in the Central Belt were investigated to discuss their chemical composition, provenance, tectonic setting, and weathering history. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis shows that the BRSZ Unit 1 black shale has elevated SiO2, TiO2, and K2O contents compared to the Semantan and Gua Musang black shale. In terms of trace elements, the BRSZ Unit 1 black shale has elevated trace element contents compared to the Semantan and Gua Musang black shales. The BRSZ Unit 1 has the highest V, U, Pb, and Mo contents relative to the other two formations. The Mo content is significant in the BRSZ Unit 1 and is thought to be associated with the elevated total organic carbon (TOC) in the BRSZ Unit 1 black shale. Compared to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), the BRSZ Unit 1 and Gua Musang black shales are low in Fe2O3, MnO, CaO, Na2O, and P2O5. The Semantan black shales are deficient in CaO, K2O, and P2O5 and enriched in MnO. The black shales of BRSZ Unit 1 are enriched in V, Cu, Ga, Rb, Mo, Sn, Pb, and U. Except for Pb (mean: 32.3 ppm), the Gua Musang black shales are largely depleted in trace elements. Similar to the Semantan black shales, all trace element concentrations are largely depleted with the exception of Sc (mean: 22.3 ppm), which is slightly higher. Provenance analysis shows that the BRSZ Unit 1, Semantan, and Gua Musang black shales derived from felsic and intermediate parental source rocks. The BRSZ Unit 1 and Gua Musang black shales indicate a collision setting, whereas the Semantan black shales show affinity to a continental arc setting. The CIA values for all the samples analyzed in this study range between 79.4 and 95.8, indicating an intense chemical weathering in warm and wet paleoclimatic conditions. The average CIW values of samples from the BRSZ Unit 1, Semantan, and Gua Musang are 99.4, 94.5, and 98.6, respectively, implying an intense degree of weathering of the source rocks.

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Sedimentary geology and geochemical approach to determine depositional environment of the Triassic turbidites bearing Semanggol Formation, NW Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

Delineation of Lithological Formation in Bukit Merah, Semanggol, Perak Using Groundwater Modelling Software

Delineation of Lithological Formation in Bukit Merah, Semanggol, Perak Using Groundwater Modelling Software

Impact of Paleosalinity, Paleoredox, Paleoproductivity/Preservation on the Organic Matter Enrichment in Black Shales from Triassic Turbidites of Semanggol Basin, Peninsular Malaysia

Geochemistry of the Devonian and Permo-Triassic Black Shales in Peninsular Malaysia: Insights into Provenance, Tectonic Setting, and Source Rock Weathering

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