Sediment chemical contamination and toxicity associated with a coastal golf course complex

Lewis, Michael A.; Foss, S. S.; Harris, Peggy S.; Stanley, Roman S.; Moore, James C.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620200702

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These wetlands consist of permanent lakes and ponds, streams, creeks, and estuaries, as well as seasonal wetlands (Scott et al 2002). While a number of studies have evaluated the movement of fertilizers and pesticides from golf courses to groundwater and surface water (see, e.g., Ryals et al 1998, Lewis et al 2001, with a major review by Cohen et al (1999), which concludes that there are generally no significant human toxicological impacts, little is known about golf courses' chemical impacts on wetland fauna (Winter et al 2002). To our knowledge, this paper represents the first peer-reviewed, European assessment of amphibians and macroinvertebrates in golf course water bodies, with a focus on central greater Stockholm, the capital province of Sweden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf courses and wetland fauna

Colding¹,

Lundberg²,

Lundberg³

et al. 2009

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Golf courses are often considered to be chemical-intensive ecosystems with negative impacts on fauna. Here we provide evidence that golf courses can contribute to the support and conservation of wetland fauna, i.e., amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Comparisons of amphibian occurrence, diversity of macroinvetebrates, and occurrence of species of conservation concern were made between permanent freshwater ponds surveyed on golf courses around Sweden's capital city, Stockholm, and off-course ponds in natureprotected areas and residential parklands. A total of 71 macroinvertebrate species were recorded in the field study, with no significant difference between golf course ponds and offcourse ponds at the species, genus, or family levels. A within-group similarities test showed that golf course ponds have a more homogenous species composition than ponds in natureprotected areas and ponds in residential parkland. Within the macroinvertebrate group, a total of 11 species of odonates were identified, with no difference detected between the categories of ponds, nor any spatial autocorrelation. Significant differences were found between pond categories in the occurrence of five species of amphibians, although anuran occurrence did not differ between ponds. The great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) was significantly associated with golf course ponds, but the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) was not. We found no evidence of any correlation between pond size and occurrence of amphibians. Among the taxa of conservation concern included in the sample, all amphibians are nationally protected in Sweden, with the internationally threatened T. cristatus more frequently found in golf course ponds. Among macroinveterbrates of conservation status, the large white-faced darter dragonfly (Leucorrhinia pectoralis) was only detected in golf course ponds, and Tricholeiochiton fagesi (Trichoptera) was only found in one off-course pond. GIS results revealed that golf courses provide over a quarter of all available permanent, freshwater ponds in central greater Stockholm. We assert that golf courses have the potential to contribute to wetland fauna support, particularly in urban settings where they may significantly contribute to wetland creation. We propose a greater involvement of ecologists in the design of golf courses to further bolster this potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golf courses and wetland fauna

Colding¹,

Lundberg²,

Lundberg³

et al. 2009

Ecological Applications

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“…Studies in the USA have also detected golf course impacts. For example, Lewis et al (2001) detected sediment contamination by pesticides and metals associated with golf courses, and Mallin and Wheeler (2000) found that some golf courses discharge nutrients at levels great enough to contribute to eutrophication problems in receiving waters. Invertebrate taxa with higher abundances at our golf course sites included Turbellaria, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Zygoptera, and Trombidiformes, while taxa more common at the reference sites included Ephemeroptera, Megaloptera, Culicidae, and Plecoptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, golf course studies have focused on regions south of the Shield where surface waters are strongly buffered and soils are much thicker. These studies have evaluated the movement of fertilizers and pesticides to groundwater and surface water (Cohen et al, 1999; Balogh and Anderson, 1992; Ryals et al, 1998; Lewis et al, 2001; Mallin and Wheeler, 2000; Walker and Branham, 1992) while less attention has been given to effects on aquatic biota.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Macroinvertebrates are sensitive indicators of aquatic ecosystem health (Resh et al, 1996) and the invertebrate community can serve as sensitive early warning indicators of impacts that may take years to otherwise become apparent (Raddum and Fjellheim, 1984). Lewis et al (2001) concluded that the impact of golf course runoff on sediment quality can be subtle and may require sensitive biological assessment methods. In addition, macroinvertebrates can be used as surrogate indicators for changes in habitat quality and the fish community.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Golf Courses on Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Precambrian Shield Streams

et al. 2002

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The influence of golf course operation on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Precambrian Shield streams was evaluated using rapid bioassessment and the reference condition approach. Streams were sampled for water chemistry and invertebrates in 1999 and 2000, six on operational golf courses, and seven in forested reference locations. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to determine the major patterns in the macroinvertebrate taxa, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to evaluate relationships with environmental variables. The reference streams were used to define the normal range of variation for a variety of summary indices to evaluate the golf course streams. In all cases, golf course streams were higher in nutrients and dissolved ions and more alkaline than the forested reference streams. There was considerable variability in the macroinvertebrate fauna from the golf course streams, which was related to differences in golf course land management practices and to the potential influence of highway runoff. Of the management practices evaluated, fertilizer application rates in particular were important, as was the presence of ponds upstream on the course. Invertebrate taxa with higher abundances in golf course streams included Turbellaria, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Zygoptera, and Trombidiformes. Taxa more common in the reference streams included Ephemeroptera, Megaloptera, Culicidae, and Plecoptera. There were marked differences in the overall benthic macroinvertebrate community in three of the six golf course streams studied relative to the forested reference streams, suggesting that golf course land management on the Precambrian Shield can be associated with significant differences in macroinvertebrate community structure.

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“…The results for sediment have been reported (Lewis et al, 2001) and the objective of this article is to summarize the results for water quality, periphytic algae, and seagrass. Periphytic algae respond rapidly to anthropogenic toxicants and stimulants (Sladeckova, 1990;USEPA, 1998;Hill et al, 2000) and seagrasses are considered sensitive indicators of perturbation (Kemp 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%