Sedentary Jobs and Colon Cancer

Gerhardsson, Maria; Norell, Staffan E.; Kiviranta, Hannu; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Ahlbom, Anders

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114306

Cited by 182 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Finally, we also excluded those studies that did not report a relative risk and 95% confidence interval or crude data that allowed calculation of the relative risk and confidence interval (n ¼ 2). This left a total of 52 studies, 24 case -control (Vena et al, 1985;Brownson et al, 1989;Fredriksson et al, 1989;Gerhardsson de Verdier et al, 1990;Kato et al, 1990;Slattery et al, 1990Slattery et al, , 1997Whittemore et al, 1990;Vetter et al, 1992;Arbman et al, 1993;Vineis et al, 1993;Marcus et al, 1994;Kotake et al, 1995;White et al, 1996;La Vecchia et al, 1999;Levi et al, 1999;Tang et al, 1999;Tavani et al, 1999;Juarranz et al, 2002;Yeh et al, 2003;Fernandez et al, 2004;Hou et al, 2004;Isomura et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006) and 28 cohort studies (Garabrant et al, 1984;Gerhardsson et al, 1986Gerhardsson et al, , 1988Lynge and Thygesen, 1988;Severson et al, 1989;Brownson et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991Lee et al, , 1997Lee et al, , 2007Dosemeci et al, 1993;Fraser and Pearce, 1993;Bostick et al, 1994;Lee and Paffenbarger, 1994;Thune and Lund, 1996;Colbert et al, 2001;…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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Although an inverse association between physical activity and risk of colon cancer is well established, a formal estimate of the magnitude of this risk reduction that includes recent studies is not available. This analysis examines the association by sex and study design, restricting analyses to studies where data for colon cancer alone were available. The authors reviewed published studies through June 2008 examining the association between physical activity and risk of colon cancer. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated and random effects models used to estimate relative risks (RR). Differences by sex and study design were evaluated. A total of 52 studies were included. An inverse association between physical activity and colon cancer was found with an overall relative risk (RR) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval ( Moreover, this association is plausibly supported by several biological mechanisms, including decreased inflammation, reduced intestinal transit time, decreased insulin-like growth factor levels, reduced hyperinsulinemia and modulated immune function with physical activity. Although several qualitative reviews of this literature have been conducted, an up-to-date meta-analysis of the studies of physical activity and colon cancer is not available (International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, 2002;Slattery, 2004). One recent study quantitatively evaluated data on the relation between physical activity and risk of colon cancer, but also included colorectal cancer end points (Samad et al, 2005). No association has been consistently found for physical activity and rectal cancer, and the consensus is that one is unlikely to exist (International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, 2002). Estimation of the risk reduction associated with physical activity separately for colon cancer is important for public health because the disease burden attributable to physical inactivity is likely underestimated by including rectal cancer end points. The World Health Organization conducted a meta-analysis using data from studies prior to 2000, and estimated that 16% of the global colon cancer disease burden is due to physical inactivity (Bull et al, 2004). However, this meta-analysis was conducted several years ago, and also did not investigate differences by study design. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the summary relative risk of colon cancer associated with physical activity, based on available studies to date. MATERIALS AND METHODSA search was conducted on PubMed for all publications in English through June 2008. The search terms physical activity, exercise, and colon cancer were used. In addition, previous reviews of the data (Slattery, 2004;Samad et al, 2005;Lee and Oguma, 2006) and the reference lists of included studies were reviewed.We included only case -control or cohort studies with a colon cancer end point. Studies that reported the findings for rectal cancer or for colon and rectal cancers combined (colorectal cancer) were excluded for the reason detailed above. We did not limi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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“…An alternative hypothesis to explain these results may derive from the fact that the major occupation groups with these exposures have sedentary jobs. Colorectal cancer has been linked with lack of physical activity (13,14).…”

Section: Other Associations With Engine Exhaustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between several sites of cancer and ten types of exhaust and combustion products. Results from a case-referent study in Montreal.

Siemiatycki¹,

Gérin²,

Stewart³

et al. 1988

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…In contrast, other factors are considered to be protectors, such as the habit of consumption of vegetables and fruit with high fiber content and physical activity [22][23][24][25] . Genetic mechanisms are also included among these etiologic factors 25,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric and colorectal cancer mortality in an urban and industrialized area of Brazil

2001

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Purpose: To study the gastric and colorectal cancer mortalities and their relation to the urban-industrialization in Baixada Santista, located in the southeastern region of Brazil.Methods: Selected from the registries of the State System of Data Analysis Foundation (SEADE) were 1105 deaths due to gastric cancer and 690 due to colorectal cancer (ICD 151) that occurred from 1980 to 1993 in males, above 10 years of age, residing in Baixada Santista. For each of these types of cancer, the standardized mortality rates, age-adjusted by world population in the 1960s, for 4 industrialized and 4 non-industrialized urban communities in that region were calculated. The ratios among those rates were calculated in order to compare the mortality in the periods 1980-93, 1980-1986, and 1987-1993.Results: Standardized mortality rates for colorectal cancer were significantly higher in industrialized area, with ratios of 1.6 [95% CI 1.22 -2.29], 1.6 [95% CI 1.2 -2.0], and 1.6 [95% CI 1.3 -2.0] in the periods 1980-86, 1987-1993 and 1980-93, respectively. Gastric cancer did not show any statistical difference between the industrialized and non-industrialized areas, but there was a significant decrease in BS from the period 1980-1986 to 1987-1993.Conclusions: The significant elevation of colorectal cancer mortality in the industrialized area could be related to exposure to numerous carcinogens such as aromatic hydrocarbon, organic-chloride, metals, and industrial-port dust present in the region. Alternatively, the non-significant difference in gastric cancer between industrialized and non-industrialized areas and significant decrease in the last few years could be predominately reflecting the advances in the quality of life in urban areas. These results require further case-control studies that could help with the analysis of the associations among cancer and environmental factors (occupational, urban-industrial, habit, and life condition) and genetic susceptibility. Parkin in 1993 1 , analyzing estimates for the world incidence of cancer for males up to the year 1985, observed that gastric cancer (GC) was in second place (25.4/100,000) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in third place (17.8/100,000). When the incidences among developed and developing countries were considered, he observed GC in first place in the former, including the tropical region of South America in which Brazil is situated, while CRC ranked second in all developed countries.In Brazil, the morbidity and mortality due to GC has risen, reaching first place among all kinds of cancer in the 1970s and 1980s, except in the more developed regions such as the south and southeast. In contrast, the mortality and incidence of CRC are not as high, and this type of cancer is not ranked among the first five 2,3 .Although the excessive mortality of GC and CRC has usually been associated with lifestyle in urban and industrialized areas, several authors have shown a relationship between these kinds of cancer and exposure to occupational carcinogenic agents 4-8 .

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Sedentary Jobs and Colon Cancer

Cited by 182 publications

References 3 publications

Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis

Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis

Associations between several sites of cancer and ten types of exhaust and combustion products. Results from a case-referent study in Montreal.

Gastric and colorectal cancer mortality in an urban and industrialized area of Brazil

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