Associations between several sites of cancer and ten types of exhaust and combustion products. Results from a case-referent study in Montreal.

Siemiatycki, Jack; Gérin, Michel; Stewart, Patricia A.; Nadon, Louise; Dewar, Ron; Richardson, Lesley

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1949

Cited by 82 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Squamous-cell carcinoma has been reported to be the most predominant cell type in lung cancer cases with chromate exposure (45)(46)(47). An increase in this histological type of lung cancer has also been reported among gasoline-exposed workers (48). Gasoline-exposed subjects were motor transport operators, mechanics and repairmen, as well as persons with occupations in sales and commodities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Excess lung cancer among workers exposed to lead

Anttila¹,

Heikkilä²,

Pukkala³

et al. 1995

Scand J Work Environ Health

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lung cancer among workers exposed to lead. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21:460-9. Objective Studies on experimental animals suggest that inorganic lead is a carcinogen. The purpose of the study was to examine whether occupational exposure to lead increases the risk of cancer. Methods The study population comprised 20 700 workers who had been biologically monitored for their blood lead (B-Pb) concentrations during 1973-1983. The mortality and cancer incidence rates were followed among the monitored workers and compared with those of the Finnish general population. An internal comparison of the cancer incidence rates was also done between subcohorts formed according to individual B-Pb levels. Questionnaire-based information was also collected on lifetime occupational history and potential confounders, and exposure history was assessed on an individual basis with a nested case-referent design for lung cancer. Results The internal comparison within the cohort showed a 1.4-fold increase in the overall cancer incidence and a 1.8-fold increase in the incidence of lung cancer among those who had ever had a blood lead level of 2 1.0 ~m o l . 1-I. In the case-referent study, an increased odds ratio for lung cancer was found for concomitant exposure to lead and engine exhaust. The odds ratio for squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung was increased even when the blood lead level had been slightly elevated. Bias or confounding did not explain the risks. C O~C~U S~O~S The results suggest that exposure to lead increases the risk of lung cancer. Co-exposure to engine exhaust and lead may be associated with the risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Excess lung cancer among workers exposed to lead

Anttila¹,

Heikkilä²,

Pukkala³

et al. 1995

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…This association has been attributed notably to the presence of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in these fluids (29). PAH are suspected to be carcinogens and have been implicated in several studies linking cancers of the bladder to some occupations (26,(30)(31)(32)(33). Nitrates, which are present as additives in some fluids, react to form nitrosamines (34,35), which are also suspected bladder carcinogens (36).…”

Section: Cancer Of the Bladder And Occupational Exposures Cutting Flumentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder cancer and occupational exposures.

Hours

Dananché²,

Févotte³

et al. 1994

Scand J Work Environ Health

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OBJECTIVES -A hospital-based case-referent study was carried out in Lyon with the purpose of generating hypotheses about the role of occupational exposures to 320 compounds in bladder carcinogenesis. METHODS -Job histories were obtained by questionnaire for 116 cases and 232 reference patients with diseases other than cancer (one referent from the same hospital ward and one from another ward of the same hospital per case); the referents were matched for gender, hospital, age, and nationality. Systematic coding of exposures, with a blind analysis of job histories, was carried out by a team of experts in chemistry and occupational health. RESULTS -Significantly elevated odds ratios were observed for exposure to pyrolysis and combustion products [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0---4.0] when the general referents were used and for cutting fluids (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.4) when tobacco consumption was adjusted for. The latter was highest among the category consisting of blue-collar and unskilled workers, supervisors, and agricultural workers (OR 4.6 95% CI 2.0-10.6), while the odds ratio for the other category was 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-2.7). An elevated odds ratio for exposure to inks was observed for the women (OR 14.0,95% CI 1.8-106.5) on the basis of 14 exposed cases, but confounding factors could have been responsible for this result. Odds ratios for several other exposures (rubber: OR 5.7, nitrates: OR 8.2, coke dust: OR 3.5, meat additives: OR 3.8) were also elevated, but not significantly so when based on a small number of exposed cases. CONCLUSION -The observations of this investigation should be tested in future studies, in particular since exposures to agents such as cutting fluids or pyrolysis products are ubiquitous in industrial settings and may present an important public health hazard.

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“…Although RCC is not commonly considered an occupational cancer, a number of occupational risk factors have been suggested [Mandel et al, 1995;McLaughlin et al, 1996]. For example, excess risks of RCC have been reported among workers exposed to asbestos [Selikoff et al, 1979;Enterline et al, 1987;McCredie and Stewart, 1993], arsenic [Tsuda et al, 1990;Enterline et al, 1995], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) [Sharpe et al, 1989;Poole et al, 1993;Mellemgaard et al, 1994;Boffetta et al, 1997], gasoline [Siemiatycki et al, 1988;Partanen et al, 1991;Mellemgaard et al, 1994;Lynge et al, 1997], benzidine [Morikawa et al, 1997], solvents [Lynge et al, 1995], formaldehyde [Hansen and Olsen, 1995], and lead [Steenland et al, 1992, Cocco et al, 1997. Workers employed in certain industries also have been found to have elevated risks, including dry cleaning and laundry workers [Katz and Jowett, 1981;Duh and Asal, 1984;McCredie and Stewart, 1993;Lynge et al, 1995], steel workers [Urbaneja Arrue et al, 1995], textile workers and tailors [Auperin et al, 1994], oil refinery workers [Bertazzi et al, 1989;Shallenberger et al, 1992;Poole et al, 1993;Rushton, 1993], gasoline station attendants [McLaughlin et al, 1985], farmers [Forastiere et al, 1993], printers [Paganini-Hill et al, 1980;Sinks et al, 1992], and coke-oven operators …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%