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Our results lend support to the hypothesis that occupational PAH exposure causes fatal IHD and demonstrate a consistent exposure-response relation for this association.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' views and expectations on circular clothing. This paper also clarifies how the remanufacturing process should be communicated and circular fashion marketed to consumers. Design/methodology/approach-The research methodology consisted of consumer interviews, utilising an online innovation platform (Owela) to involve consumers and workshops with project partners and with external stakeholders. Findings-Consumers' interest towards recycling and sustainable solutions has increased. They appreciate the idea of recycling textile waste to produce new clothes; circular products should become "the new normal". Consumers are asking for more visible and concrete information about circular clothing and how their behaviour has affected the environmental aspects of textile production. The communication should be timed correctly by using multiple communication channels and also paying attention to the shopping experience. In addition, digital services alongside circular clothing could create additional value for consumers. Research limitations/implications-In this study, only consumers from Finland were involved. The results might be different in different parts of Europe and especially worldwide. Originality/value-This study focusses on circular clothingan area that has not been studied much before. Also, consumers involved in this study were of a different age compared to most of the previous studies, where the focus has been mainly on young college students.

PARTANEN T, HEIKKILA P, HERNBERG S, KAUPPINEN T, MONETA G, OJAJARVI A. Renal cell cancer and occupational exposure to chemical agents. Scand J Work En viron Health 1991; 17:231-9. A case-referent study of occupational risk indicators of renal cell adenocarcinoma was conducted. Each incident case in Finland in 1977-1978 was matched with two population referents. Lifelongjob histories were collected and translated into indicators of industry, occupation, and occupational exposures. The analyses of 338 sets of cases and referents revealed elevated risks for a history of employment in whitecollar occupations; the printing industry; the chemical industry; the manufacturing of metal products; mail, telephone, and telegraph services; and iron and metalware work. A decreased risk was observed for male farmers. An elevated risk and an exposure-response relationship were found for gasoline exposure. The excess risk was highest at a latency period of approximately 30 years. The findings support the hypothesisthat exposureto some constituent(s) of gasolineincreases the incidenceof renal adenocarcinoma in humans. Suggestions of elevated risks appeared for exposures to inorganic lead, cadmium, and nonchlorinated solvents.

Electrospinning of several polyamides, PA6, PA66, PA612, PA614, PA1012, and PA1014, having different chain compositions and lengths of diacid and diamine segments, was demonstrated. Electrospinnability and fiber production rate of these polyamides were evaluated. Electrospun fibers were characterized with regard to their use in air filtration by measuring fiber diameter and filtration efficiency of fiber coating. Longer nonpolar chain segments of higher polyamides could in theory indicate higher dielectricity compared to PA6 and PA66, which would be an advantage in filtration applications. The solubility in polar formic acid and electrospinnability of higher polyamides, on the other hand, were clearly impaired with increased length of chain segments. Hence, PA66 is our best choice, and PA612 and PA6 our second options for commercial filtration applications if fiber electrospinnability, production rate, fiber diameter, and its distribution are concerned. Filtration efficiency of more than 95% of the particles having a diameter of 0.16 lm and above was achieved with 0.5 g/m 2 coating of PA66 nanofibers. Further increase in coating weight mainly increased the pressure drop to an unusable range without a significant further improvement of filtration efficiency.Like reviewed earlier some simple polyamides, such as PA6 and PA12, and some copolyamides such as PA66 and PA46 are verifiably applicable in electrospinning. Still, we can suppose that the structure of the polyamide FIG. 2. Electrospun PA66 fibers produced from solution having concentrations of (a) 6%, (b) 9%, (c) 12%, and (d) 15%. FIG. 4. Fiber diameters with standard deviation and fiber production rates of different polyamides. FIG. 5. X-ray diffraction spectrums of (a) newly electrospun PA6 sample and (b) after 2 months ageing.

Towards internal structuring of electrospun fibers by hierarchical self-assembly of polymeric comb-shaped supramolecules Ruotsalainen, T; Turku, J; Heikkila, P; Ruokolainen, J; Nykanen, A; Laitinen, T; Torkkeli, M; Serimaa, R; ten Brinke, G; Harlin, A Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Ruotsalainen, T., Turku, J., Heikkila, P., Ruokolainen, J., Nykanen, A., Laitinen, T., ... Nykänen, A. (2005). Towards internal structuring of electrospun fibers by hierarchical self-assembly of polymeric comb-shaped supramolecules. Advanced materials, 17(8), 1048-+. https://doi

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