Sedative Effects of Intranasal Midazolam Administration in Wild Caught Blue-fronted Amazon (<i>Amazona aestiva</i>) and Orange-winged Amazon (<i>Amazona amazonica</i>) Parrots

Schäffer, Débora Ph; Araújo, Nayone Lima Lantyer Cordeiro de; Raposo, Ana; Filho, Emanoel Ferreira Martins; Vieira, João Victor Romano; Oriá, Arianne Pontes

doi:10.1647/2016-201

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…27 In blue-fronted and orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva and Amazona amazonica, respectively), IN midazolam administered at 2 mg/kg provided sedation for 25.40 ± 5.72 minutes and 27.10 ± 3.73 minutes, respectively. 28 The plasma half-life of 5 mg/kg butorphanol following IV and IM administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) was 0.49 and 0.51 hours, respectively. 29 The longer recovery times in the present study as compared to Whitehead et al 7 may be due to the inclusion of both midazolam and butorphanol in the present protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intranasal butorphanol and midazolam administered prior to intramuscular alfaxalone provides safe and effective sedation in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

Conner

Hoppes

Stevens

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate 2 doses of alfaxalone on cardiopulmonary parameters, temperature, sedation, endotracheal intubation, the incidence of muscle tremors, and radiographic positioning in Quaker parrots previously administered intranasal midazolam and butorphanol. ANIMALS 10 healthy adult Quaker parrots (male = 5; female = 5). PROCEDURES A randomized, masked, crossover study was conducted where birds received midazolam (2 mg/kg) and butorphanol (2 mg/kg) intranasally 15 minutes prior to a low- or high-dose of intramuscular alfaxalone: 2 mg/kg (LDA) or 5 mg/kg (HDA), respectively. Heart (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), cloacal temperature, sedation quality, and ability to position for radiographs were recorded over time. The incidence of muscle tremors and the ability to intubate were recorded. Data were compared to baseline values and between treatments where appropriate. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS There were no significant differences in HR, RR, cloacal temperature, and sedation scores between treatments at any time point. Duration of time from midazolam-butorphanol administration to complete recovery from treatment administration was significantly shorter for LDA when compared to HDA (90 [60 to 195] vs 127.5 [90 to 10] minutes, respectively). Compared to baseline, sedation scores were significantly higher from T = 15 to 60 for LDA and from T = 15 to 75 for HDA. The incidence of muscle tremors was greater in HDA (9/10) than in LDA (7/10). All birds were successfully intubated and positioned for radiographs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The combination of intranasal midazolam-butorphanol and intramuscular alfaxalone at the doses examined was a safe and effective method for sedating Quaker parrots. LDA produced adequate sedation with a shorter time to recovery and with fewer muscle fasciculations when compared to HDA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intranasal butorphanol and midazolam administered prior to intramuscular alfaxalone provides safe and effective sedation in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

Conner

Hoppes

Stevens

et al. 2022

ajvr

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“…The parrots exhibited a stable clinical profile, without any arrhythmias or alterations in the clinical parameters during anaesthesia. The use of a safe and efficient sedation protocol is important during clinical and diagnostic procedures because it reduces stress and facilitates handling (Schaffer et al, ). The protocol used in this study enabled all birds to sufficiently relax to be positioned correctly during the radiographic and CT examinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a safe and efficient sedation protocol is important during clinical and diagnostic procedures because it reduces stress and facilitatesF I G U R E 1 Radiographic image. (a)Length of the cardiac silhouette between points 1 and 2, right lateral projection; (b) width of the cardiac silhouette between points 1 and 2; width of the coelom between points 3 and 4, ventrodorsal projection handling(Schaffer et al, 2017). The protocol used in this study enabled all birds to sufficiently relax to be positioned correctly during the radiographic and CT examinations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Santos

Silva

Hippólito

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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This study aimed to assess radiographic and tomographic cardiac parameters, including width and length of the heart, and the ratio of heart width to coelom width of blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. Thirty‐five captive birds were included in the study and were allocated into one of three groups according to their respective body condition score: lean, ideal and obese. No differences were observed among the groups with regard to radiographic and tomographic measurements. Computed tomography enabled better identification of the structures of the cardiovascular system without interference from the overlying structures of the celomatic cavity observed in radiographic images. However, radiographic examinations should still be considered the standard screening method to identify cardiac alterations, such as increased or reduced organ dimensions. Standardizing the techniques and measurements performed in this study may serve as a basis for further research in the field.

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“…The parrots presented a stable clinical profile, without any arrhythmias or alterations in the clinical parameters during anesthesia. The use of a sedation protocol that is safe and efficient is important to restrain the birds during clinical and diagnostic procedures because it reduces stress and facilitates handling [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular parameters in capitive blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Santos

Aleixo

Silva

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This study aims at determining the echocardiographic, radiographic and tomographic parameters of blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. Thirty-five birds grown in captivity were included in the study and allocated into groups according to their respective body condition scores: Lean, Ideal and Obese. The echocardiographic evaluation revealed that obese parrots presented lower right ventricle dimensions in diastole than lean parrots. The fractional shortening was considerably lower in obese parrots than in parrots with lean and ideal body condition scores, but without statistical significance. The flow rate and the aortic pressure gradient were lower in the lean group than in the ideal group. No differences were observed between the groups when comparing the radiographic and tomographic measurements. Therefore, as is the case in mammals, we can conclude that alterations in the nutritional state of blue-fronted amazon parrots lead to cardiovascular dysfunctions detected only through an echocardiographic evaluation, which represents an important diagnostic tool for these animals. Computed tomography scans allowed a better identification of the structures of the cardiovascular system without the overlaying structures of the celomatic cavity observed in radiographic images. However, radiographic examinations should still be considered the standard screening examination to identify cardiac alterations such as increased or reduced organ dimensions. Standardizing the technique and describing the measurements obtained in this study may serve as a basis for further research.

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Sedative Effects of Intranasal Midazolam Administration in Wild Caught Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and Orange-winged Amazon (Amazona amazonica) Parrots

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Intranasal butorphanol and midazolam administered prior to intramuscular alfaxalone provides safe and effective sedation in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

Intranasal butorphanol and midazolam administered prior to intramuscular alfaxalone provides safe and effective sedation in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Cardiovascular parameters in capitive blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

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