Securing NextG networks with physical-layer key generation: A survey

Abstract

As the development of next-generation (NextG) communication networks continues, tremendous devices are accessing the network and the amount of information is exploding. However, with the increase of sensitive data that requires confidentiality to be transmitted and stored in the network, wireless network security risks are further amplified. Physical-layer key generation (PKG) has received extensive attention in security research due to its solid information-theoretic security proof, ease of implementation, and low cost. Nevertheless, the applications of PKG in the NextG networks are still in the preliminary exploration stage. Therefore, we survey existing research and discuss (1) the performance advantages of PKG compared to cryptography schemes, (2) the principles and processes of PKG, as well as research progresses in previous network environments, and (3) new application scenarios and development potential for PKG in NextG communication networks, particularly analyzing the effect and prospects of PKG in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), artificial intelligence (AI) enabled networks, integrated space-air-ground network, and quantum communication. Moreover, we summarize open issues and provide new insights into the development trends of PKG in NextG networks.

A Survey of Physical Layer Secret Key Generation Enhanced by Intelligent Reflecting Surface

“…Xiao et al [31] provided a comprehensive overview of the application of PLSKG in the next communication systems and discussed some positive and negative effects of massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), IRSs, artificial intelligence (AI), integrated space-air-ground networks, and quantum communications on PLSKG. Li et al [32] discussed in detail PLSKG combined with duplex modes, massive MIMO, and millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, and demonstrated the feasibility of PLSKG in practical communication systems.…”

“…There are few articles [31,33] surveying the related works of IRS-assisted PLSKG. Although the studies [31,33] discussed some aspects of IRS-assisted PLSKG, it is necessary to extend them to promote the study of PLSKG.…”

“…There are few articles [31,33] surveying the related works of IRS-assisted PLSKG. Although the studies [31,33] discussed some aspects of IRS-assisted PLSKG, it is necessary to extend them to promote the study of PLSKG. Existing reviews have not specifically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the IRS-assisted PLSKG research works within a unified framework.…”