Secure Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging in a Smart Grid Network

Abstract

Abstract:Charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) exposes smart grid systems and their users to different kinds of security and privacy attacks. Hence, a secure charging protocol is required for PEV charging. Existing PEV charging protocols are usually based on insufficiently represented and simplified charging models that do not consider the user's charging modes (charging at a private location, charging as a guest user, roaming within one's own supplier network or roaming within other suppliers' networks). However, the requirement for charging protocols depends greatly on the user's charging mode. Consequently, available solutions do not provide complete protocol specifications. Moreover, existing protocols do not support anonymous user authentication and payment simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive end-to-end charging protocol that addresses the security and privacy issues in PEV charging. The proposed protocol uses nested signatures to protect users' privacy from external suppliers, their own suppliers and third parties. Our approach supports anonymous user authentication, anonymous payment, as well as anonymous message exchange between suppliers within a hierarchical smart grid architecture. We have verified our protocol using the AVISPA software verification tool and the results showed that our protocol is secure and works as desired.

P4G2Go: A Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Roaming Energy Consumers of the Smart Grid-to-Go

“…Moreover, designed back in 2014, the scheme foresees the utilization of the now outdated smart cards for users to store their sensitive data (i.e., cryptographic keys) for authentication purposes. According to [31] however, the roaming user's privacy can yet be compromised, since the home and host suppliers have direct communication, disclosing both the home and visiting area of the consumer based on the location of the host supplier's charging stations.…”

Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Micro/Mini-Grids for Local Energy Communities: A Review and Case Study of Nepal

“…Hence, they dynamically enter the market for a short period of time and leave as they move from one place to the other. Hence, appropriate authentication method and power flow control mechanism are required to allow PEVs to securely participate in the market in dynamic mode [135]- [137]. In terms of design and operation of the energy system with P2P trade model in the local energy market, a number of energy modelling techniques and approaches were practised.…”

Peer to Peer Distributed Energy Trading in Smart Grids: A Survey

“…Hence, they dynamically enter the market for a short period of time and leave as they move from one place to the other. An appropriate authentication method and power flow control mechanism is required to allow PEVs to securely participate in the market dynamically [26][27][28].…”

“…Charging outside one's home is known as roaming charging. Roaming charging can further be divided into two categories: Internal roaming charging (IRC) and external roaming charging (ERC) [26][27][28]. If the user charges outside his home but at a charging location that belongs to the same supplier as the user's home supplier, we call it IRC.…”

“…This mobility nature of PEVs poses another challenge to P2P DET. A proper authentication method as well as an appropriate energy flow control mechanism is required to allow PEVs charging or selling power by discharging power back to the grid [26][27][28]. Moreover, authentication and payment mechanisms should be equipped with appropriate privacy preserving techniques to protect user's privacy from charging stations and external supplies.…”