Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Micro/Mini-Grids for Local Energy Communities: A Review and Case Study of Nepal

Shrestha, Ashish; Bishwokarma, Rajiv; Chapagain, Anish; Banjara, Sandesh; Aryal, Shanta; Mali, Bijen; Thapa, Rajiv; Bista, Diwakar; Hayes, Barry; Papadakis, Antonis P.; Korba, Petr

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2940751

Cited by 113 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Almost all of the systems are shifting toward AC and modified into a commercial mode with some defined tariff rate. [4,6,15,37] India Governmental bodies are receiving special incentives to promote the development of MGs, since they can often provide energy access more cheaply than transmission through a grid. However, the energy purchase costs are found to be high, and problems have been arises in collecting revenues and non-technical losses.…”

Section: Status Of Mini Grid In Rural Nepal and Other South Asianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present context, Nepal's electrical sectors are moving toward a stable and reliable system via modernization or/ and up-gradation of existing DGs and grid extension [37]. Interconnection the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) increase system reliability.…”

Section: Mg Management and Trading Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the solar water pumping projects are benefited from this policy, through which, the project owners are selling the left-over energy to the utility grid. A similar concept has been applied to other IPPs also [37].…”

Section: Mg Management and Trading Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is an enormous opportunity for both MG development and grid extension in the country [18]. Some of the challenges for wider promotion of MG systems are [30,37,58,59,[99][100][101] the last-mile community are highly subsided, whereas large scale MGs can be developed with a proper mix of subsidy, loan and equity. In Nepal, the community has a subsidy seeking mentality.…”

Section: Challenges In the Implementation Of Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Micro/Mini-Grid Systems in a Himalayan Nation: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Nepal is a Himalayan country with its 83% of its geography being composed of hills and mountains. Around 22% of the Nepalese population is not receiving electricity through the national power utility and is forced to identify alternative approaches to electrification. The Micro/Mini-Grid (MG) system is one of the promising approaches in terms of cost, reliability and performance for rural electrification, where electrification through national power utility is not techno-economically feasible. However, various issues must be identified and considered during the implementation of MGs in a rural community. In this paper, numerous technical, social and management issues are identified and discussed relating to the implementation and operation of reliable and stable MGs in the Himalayas. To our knowledge, this is the first scientific work that presents a comprehensive review of Himalayan MGs and their associated elements. This article reviews the available research articles, project documents, and Government reports on MG development, from which a clear roadmap is constructed. From the comprehensive study, it is observed that the existing MGs are not adequately designed for the specific area, considering the local resources and local information. Based on the identified issues, some practical and efficient recommendations have been made, so that future MG projects will address the possible problems during the design and implementation phase.

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Section: Status Of Mini Grid In Rural Nepal and Other South Asianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mg Management and Trading Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mg Management and Trading Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges In the Implementation Of Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of Micro/Mini-Grid Systems in a Himalayan Nation: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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“…The problem solved to bring the energy generation close to the home by sustainable renewable energy resources (RES) [3]. An increased proportion of the renewable energy system will mitigate the environmental problem and change the consumer oriented market to the prosumer oriented market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Enabled Distributed Demand Side Management in Community Energy System With Smart Homes

et al. 2020

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Existing work in energy demand side management focuses on the interaction between the utility grid and consumers. However, the previous technique is not focused on energy trading in local community of a renewable energy generation, distributed demand side management and not suitable for real-time environment. This paper presents a distributed demand side management system among multiple homes in community microgrid, with the integration of the internet of things smart meter and in the presence of renewable energy sources. The proposed energy consumption game is formulated for minimizing the cost of electricity in the individual home and the total cost of energy consumption in the whole community. The smart home users are playing game by optimizing their own daily energy consumption of appliances. The multiple participants include the self renewable generation of users, shared community microgrid and optional utility company. Each participant applies its best strategy to minimize energy consumption cost and users can maintain their own privacy of energy consumption. Moreover, the proposed scheme is distributed on blockchain, which provides a trusted communication medium between the participants. It enforces the autonomous monitoring of smart appliances and the billing of electricity consumption via smart contracts. Solidity smart contract is deployed to facilitate the execution of transactions without the involvement of third party in the smart community. Comparison of the results show that the proposed approach minimizes the total cost of energy consumption as well as each user's energy consumption cost. INDEX TERMS Distributed demand side management, community microgrid, appliances scheduling, smart home, Internet of Things, blockchain, smart contracts.

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