Secure Image Transmission Using Fractal and 2D-Chaotic Map

Agarwal, Shafali

doi:10.3390/jimaging4010017

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Randomness: The system will generate pseudorandom sequences. The sequences generated through chaos-based will be highly complex to be determined and prognosticated [31]. 4.…”

Section: Properties Of Chaotic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unstable: The system will be unstable in the chaotic region. The Lyapunov exponent will determine the actual chaotic and non-chaotic regions [31]. 5.…”

Section: Properties Of Chaotic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. Ergodicity of the chaotic maps: The encryption algorithm performance will have the same distribution for any plain text [31].…”

Section: Properties Of Chaotic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system passed all the security tests and validated it for real-time communication. In [31], Agarwal introduced a system based on Mandelbrot fractals. The key generated by Mandelbrot fractals is further treated with discrete two-dimensional chaotic sequences.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fractals generate infinitely complex patterns and show repetition and self-similarity at different scales. It is the repeating process of images and is familiar patterns since the whole universe consists of fractals in different forms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In this context, we have designed a cryptosystem based on shuffling with Julia set of fractals key and chaos theory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Hybrid Secure Image Encryption Based on Julia Set of Fractals and 3D Lorenz Chaotic Map

Masood

Ahmad

Shah

et al. 2020

Entropy

108

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Chaos-based encryption schemes have attracted many researchers around the world in the digital image security domain. Digital images can be secured using existing chaotic maps, multiple chaotic maps, and several other hybrid dynamic systems that enhance the non-linearity of digital images. The combined property of confusion and diffusion was introduced by Claude Shannon which can be employed for digital image security. In this paper, we proposed a novel system that is computationally less expensive and provided a higher level of security. The system is based on a shuffling process with fractals key along with three-dimensional Lorenz chaotic map. The shuffling process added the confusion property and the pixels of the standard image is shuffled. Three-dimensional Lorenz chaotic map is used for a diffusion process which distorted all pixels of the image. In the statistical security test, means square error (MSE) evaluated error value was greater than the average value of 10000 for all standard images. The value of peak signal to noise (PSNR) was 7.69(dB) for the test image. Moreover, the calculated correlation coefficient values for each direction of the encrypted images was less than zero with a number of pixel change rate (NPCR) higher than 99%. During the security test, the entropy values were more than 7.9 for each grey channel which is almost equal to the ideal value of 8 for an 8-bit system. Numerous security tests and low computational complexity tests validate the security, robustness, and real-time implementation of the presented scheme.Entropy 2020, 22, 274 2 of 28 scientist Claude Shannon in the year 1949, the same person introduced the property of confusion and diffusion. The property of randomness helped in securing digital multimedia information. The security of digital bitstream became one of the central issues when the data was transformed into a digital bitstream. The privacy of digital information posed a new problem in the digital world. The secure digital data in the form of binary bits are openly accessible for hackers. The data can be easily obtainable from the far site using the internet. It needs proper measurements to secure digital information over an insecure line of communication [1][2][3]. The digital data can be secured by hiding the identity of the original digital image over the secret cover image or another approach is pixels distortion or encryption. The first method of securing digital information is information hiding techniques and the study of steganography, which means the value of the data is preserved under the secret image. The image security is a very important issue as compared to textual security, where image pixels are to be examined concerning nearby pixels in a different orientation. The more pixels are dissimilar means the proposed encryption technique is more suitable for brute force attacks. Moreover, plain image pixels are always correlated to each other where an attacker can easily find secret information. Chaos-based encryption technique is preferred over some ...

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“…Randomness: The system will generate pseudorandom sequences. The sequences generated through chaos-based will be highly complex to be determined and prognosticated [31]. 4.…”

Section: Properties Of Chaotic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unstable: The system will be unstable in the chaotic region. The Lyapunov exponent will determine the actual chaotic and non-chaotic regions [31]. 5.…”

Section: Properties Of Chaotic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. Ergodicity of the chaotic maps: The encryption algorithm performance will have the same distribution for any plain text [31].…”

Section: Properties Of Chaotic Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%