A chaos-based cryptosystem has been suggested and investigated since last decade because of its sensitivity to the initial condition, unpredictability and ergodicity properties. The paper introduces a new chaotic map which helps to enhance the security of image transmission by blending the superior fractal function with a new 2D-Sine Tent composite map (2D-STCM) to generate a key stream. A trajectory map of a proposed 2D-STCM show a wider chaotic range implies better unpredictability and ergodicity feature, suitable to design a cryptosystem. A fractal based image encryption increases the key space of the security key up-to hundreds of bits, thus secure the proposed cryptosystem from brute-force attack. The requirement of confusion and diffusion are fulfilled by applying chaotic circular pixel shuffling (CCPS) to change the pixel position repeatedly and the execution of an improved XOR operation i.e., complex XOR, designed to increase the encryption quality. The proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed using statistical analysis, key sensitivity, differential analysis and key space analysis. The experimental result proves that the new scheme has a high security level to protect the image transmission over the network.
Abstract-With the advancement in the network transmission media, need for secure data communication is strongly felt. Recently fractal based cryptosystem has become a topic of active research in computer network system because of its chaotic behavior. The proposed method utilizes the intrinsic relationship between Mandelbrot function and Julia function to develop a nontransitional key cryptosystem. The process starts with the formation of public key using superior Mandelbrot set with the help of few global as well as secret parameters on both sides. After exchanging public keys, both parties will generate their own private key using superior Julia set which will be same on both sides. The method is also implemented for Ishikawa iterated fractal function and subsequently carried out detailed analysis for both functions. The given cryptosystem utilizing two different iteration methods and improve the performance by increasing the encryption key up to 128 bits. As per experimental result and performance analysis, the key has large key space, high key sensitivity due to chaotic nature and efficient execution time which helps to achieve a secure communication network environment for data transmission.
Map Reduce has gained remarkable significance as a prominent parallel data processing tool in the research community, academia and industry with the spurt in volume of data that is to be analyzed. Map Reduce is used in different applications such as data mining, data analytics where massive data analysis is required, but still it is constantly being explored on different parameters such as performance and efficiency. This survey intends to explore large scale data processing using MapReduce and its various implementations to facilitate the database, researchers and other communities in developing the technical understanding of the MapReduce framework. In this survey, different MapReduce implementations are explored and their inherent features are compared on different parameters. It also addresses the open issues and challenges raised on fully functional DBMS/Data Warehouse on MapReduce. The comparison of various Map Reduce implementations is done with the most popular implementation Hadoop and other similar implementations using other platforms.
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