Section of the Pituitary Stalk in Monkeys

Rl, Holmes; Eb, Hughes; Zuckerman, S

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0180305

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The hypothalamic region was approached by a trans-temporal route (see Holmes et al 1959). In five of the animals a polythene barrier was placed between the cut ends of the stalk, but in the re¬ maining eight no such barrier was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pars intermedia of monkeys killed 5 months or more after operation was always thickened, and appeared folded (see illustrations in Holmes & Zuckerman, 1959). Normal parenchymal cells were always present, but in some parts of each gland many of the cells were swollen and vacuolated, and their nuclei enlarged (Plate, fig.…”

Section: Pars Intermedia After Division Of Stalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pituitary Gland of Normal and Stalk-Sectioned Monkeys With Particular Reference to the Pars Intermedia

Rl¹

1962

Journal of Endocrinology

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The pars distalis, pars intermedia and infundibular process make up, respectively, 61, 5 and 34% of the volume of the pituitary gland of normal mature female rhesus monkeys. The pars distalis is relatively smaller in immature animals, and larger during pregnancy.Section of the pituitary stalk is followed by a significant increase in the volume of the pars intermedia; the infundibular process always decreases in volume, while the pars distalis shrinks to a lesser and more variable extent.Histological changes in the pars intermedia suggest that cellular hypertrophy, infiltration of atypical cells, and cyst formation all contribute to the increase in volume, and that the changes are at any rate partly degenerative in nature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pars Intermedia After Division Of Stalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pituitary Gland of Normal and Stalk-Sectioned Monkeys With Particular Reference to the Pars Intermedia

Rl¹

1962

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In adult rats subjected to lesion of the stalk or destruction of the portal vein, the hypophysis shows a partial infarct, especially in the central portion, due to local anemia [Adams et al, 1964;D aniel and Prichard, 1958;Holmes et al, 1959;Holmes, 1961Holmes, , 1962Campbell and H arris, 1957]. In our rats, the hypophysis was abnormally small after isolation of the stalk, but did not appear damaged or show any degenerative changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Effects of Early Postnatal Lesions of the Pituitary Stalk and Median Eminence in Rats

Daikoku¹,

Shimizu²

1970

Neuroendocrinology

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The hypophysial stalk and the median eminence were cauterized electrically in rats 20–24 h after birth, and the growth and histogenesis and functional capacities of the endocrine glands of these rats were examined 20–23, 40–43, and 60–70 days after the operation. The arcuate nuclei showed degenerative alterations in rats with lesions of the median eminence. The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei showed degenerative changes in rats with an isolated pituitary stalk. In all these animals, the growth and development of the gonads were greatly reduced, and the functional activities of the thyroid and adrenal glands were also affected. The results indicated that normal growth and development of endocrine organs may require intact vascular and afferent neuronal coordinations between the hypothalamus and the hypophysis for the transportation of factors releasing hypophysial trophic hormones.

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“…If a similar control exists in other species, it might be expected that pars intermedia would increase in size after transection of the pituitary stalk. Such an increase has been reported in the rat , in the rabbit [Brooks, 1938], in the goat [Daniel and Prichard, 1958 b] and in the monkey [Holmes et al, 1959] but these observations were not supported by quantitative data. On the other hand, more recent studies by Campbell and Harris [1957] in the rabbit and by Holmes [1961] in the ferret, which included measurements of the volumes of the lobes of the pituitary glands, failed to demonstrate any enlargement of pars intermedia after stalk section.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The Volumes of Pars Distalis, Pars Intermedia and Infundibular Process of the Pituitary Gland of the Rat, With Special Reference to the Effect of Stalk Section

Adams

Daniel²,

Prichard³

1963

Exp Physiol

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The pituitary stalk was transected in rats by a subtemporal approach, and a non-irritant plate was inserted between its cut ends. The pituitary glands were studied at intervals ranging from 24 hr. to 41 weeks later. The glands were sectioned serially and the volumes of the various lobes, and of the infarct or scar in pars distalis, were measured. A similar study was made of pituitaries of normal rats.The immediate effect of stalk section was a large infarct, which initially occupied from 29 to 78 per cent of pars distalis, but in most rats involved more than half of the lobe. After a few days the infarcted area began to shrink, eventually becoming a narrow sear. As the sear contracted pars distalis became greatly flattened from above down and the cells of the surviving parenchyma became small and undifferentiated. No substantial regeneration of parenchyma occurred, and pars distalis remained much smaller in volume than in normal rats of corresponding sex and body weight. The very small scar seen a few weeks after stalk section gave little idea of the size of the original infarct. After stalk section there was a rapid and marked atrophy of the infundibular process. There was no hypertrophy of pars intermedia.The distribution of the infarcted and surviving areas of pars distalis after stalk section is explained by the two different groups of portal vessels which supply these areas, namely, the long portal vessels from the stalk, which are transected at operation, and the short portal vessels from the infundibular process, in which the circulation remains unimpaired. Variations in size of the initial infaret may be due to anatomical variations in the extent of the territories supplied by the long and short portal vessels respectively.ALTHOUGH extensive necrosis of the anterior lobe (pars distalis) of the pituitary gland in rats has been seen after section of the pituitary stalk by a few workers [Westman et al., 1943;Barrnett and Greep, 1951;Greep and Barrnett, 1951], others have reported that only small scars can be found after this operation [Brolin, 1947;Harris, 1950;Campbell and Harris, 1957]. As it seemed likely that this discrepancy might be related to the times of survival after stalk section, we decided to study the pituitary glands of rats at varying times after stalk section, and to support the histological examination of these glands by measuring the actual size of the infarct produced by the operation. A preliminary note has been made of this work .

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Section of the Pituitary Stalk in Monkeys

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The Pituitary Gland of Normal and Stalk-Sectioned Monkeys With Particular Reference to the Pars Intermedia

The Pituitary Gland of Normal and Stalk-Sectioned Monkeys With Particular Reference to the Pars Intermedia

Effects of Early Postnatal Lesions of the Pituitary Stalk and Median Eminence in Rats

The Volumes of Pars Distalis, Pars Intermedia and Infundibular Process of the Pituitary Gland of the Rat, With Special Reference to the Effect of Stalk Section

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