Section 136 and African/Afro-Caribbean Minorities

Pipe, Roderic; Bhat, Ashok; Matthews, Barry; Hampstead, Judy

doi:10.1177/002076409103700103

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[2][3][4] Changes in the use of the Mental Health Act between 1984 and 1996 have been reported. This showed that the use of place of safety orders was starting to increase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Place of safety orders in England: changes in use and outcome, 1984/5 to 2010/11

Keown

2013

Psychiatrist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims and methodTo detail changes in the use of place of safety orders in England, including the outcome of these detentions, using publicly available data.ResultsThere was a sixfold increase in the rate of the Mental Health Act Section 136 detentions to places of safety in hospitals between 1984 and 2011. The use of Section 135 and the rate of subsequent detention under Section 2 or 3 also increased, but the proportion of people detained fell as the absolute rate of detention increased. There was a wide variation between regions in the use of hospitals or police stations as places of safety. The change in the annual rate of detention under Section 136 was associated with the annual change in the population of England.Clinical implicationsThe increase in detentions to places of safety in hospitals may in part reflect their move from police cells. It may also reflect a real increase in overall rate of detention and possibly a change in the threshold for the use of Section 136 detentions.

show abstract

“…[2][3][4] Changes in the use of the Mental Health Act between 1984 and 1996 have been reported. This showed that the use of place of safety orders was starting to increase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Place of safety orders in England: changes in use and outcome, 1984/5 to 2010/11

Keown

2013

Psychiatrist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researchers have differed in what they define as indicators for the severity of disturbance: challenging behaviour, violence and poor insight, as well a perceived risk (Morgan et al, 2005). Pipe et al (1991) found that young Black men were considered more threatening and disturbed; this fact may have contributed to the increased rates among this group. The AESOP study (Morgan et al, 2005) found that neither diagnosis nor perceived risk accounted for the increased detention of African-Caribbean men or Black African patients.…”

Section: Perceived Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic bias in the application of the Mental Health Act 1983

Dein¹,

Dein²

2007

Adv. psychiatr. treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is evidence pointing to a bias in the application of the Mental Health Act 1983 (which is in force in England and Wales). One study found that Black people on inpatient units were four times more likely to have been compulsorily admitted than White people. Furthermore, it has been shown that compulsory admissions to secure units are 2.9-5.6 times higher for Black than for White patients. Any understanding of this bias necessitates an examination of the attitudes of mental health professionals towards Africans and African-Caribbeans. Here we discuss possible contributory factors and examine a number of initiatives that have been instituted in order to tackle this problem.Kalpana Dein is a locum consultant forensic psychiatrist working for

show abstract

“…Black people have been shown repeatedly to be more likely to be admitted compulsorily, under a section of the Mental Health Act (Ineichen, 1986;Cope, 1989;Pipe et al 1991;Owens et al 1991). Police are more likely to be involved, and GPs less likely, when the compulsory admission concerns an Afro-Caribbean patient (Harrison et al 1984;Owens al.…”

Section: Schizophrenia In British Afro-caribbeansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia in British Afro-Caribbeans: Two Debates Confused?

Ineichen

1991

Int J Soc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept and aetiology of schizophrenia remain controversial issues. Epidemiological studies reveal considerable variations in rates of diagnosed cases between groups. British Afro-Caribbeans show high rates. At the same time, their psychiatric experience is marked by a high level of conflict with the psychiatric services. The two debates--that surrounding the concept of schizophrenia, and that concerning the psychiatric experiences of British Afro-Caribbeans--need to be separated so that each receives appropriate consideration. Studies based on the experiences of people diagnosed as schizophrenic may confuse rather than advance the first debate if due care is not paid to the reliability of the diagnosis. The second debate has consequences for the development of psychiatric services. Further unaddressed questions referring to the mental health of ethnic minorities are suggested.

show abstract

Section 136 and African/Afro-Caribbean Minorities

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Place of safety orders in England: changes in use and outcome, 1984/5 to 2010/11

Place of safety orders in England: changes in use and outcome, 1984/5 to 2010/11

Ethnic bias in the application of the Mental Health Act 1983

Schizophrenia in British Afro-Caribbeans: Two Debates Confused?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About