Secretion of TCDD in milk and cream following the feeding of TCDD to lactating dairy cows

Jensen, David J.; Hummel, Richard A.

doi:10.1007/bf01605609

Cited by 60 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…21 The TCDD compounds are highly lipophilic and are found in high concentrations in the liver, adipose tissues and breast milk. 1,22 Active transport of TCDD via milk could be continued with a low blood level of the compound as it has been shown for 462 Y Kono et al several other lipid-soluble substances. 23,24 Taken together, the present results using 1,2,3,4-TCDD indicated that the transfer of milk could be effectively eliminating dioxins from the burden of the maternal body and could be resulting in high increase of CYP1A1 mRNA in neonates for a longer period of time than the treated mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lactational exposure to 1,2,3,4‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on cytochrome P‐450 1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat liver: Quantitative analysis by the competitive RT‐PCR method

Kono¹,

Okada²,

Tazawa³

et al. 2001

Pediatrics International

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Current RT-PCR procedure enabled to assess both constitutive and induced levels of CYP1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat livers. Although the dose of 1,2,3,4-TCDD selected in this study was about 5000 times higher than the daily intake of dioxins in breast-fed infants, CYP1A1 mRNA was highly induced for a longer period of time in neonatal rats receiving 1,2,3,4-TCDD via lactation than the treated maternal rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lactational exposure to 1,2,3,4‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on cytochrome P‐450 1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat liver: Quantitative analysis by the competitive RT‐PCR method

Kono¹,

Okada²,

Tazawa³

et al. 2001

Pediatrics International

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“…Only few studies were controlled trials with contaminated feed materials, or included both an exposure and an elimination phase, where in the latter period the cows were put on non‐contaminated feed (Huwe and Smith, ; Hoogenboom et al., ). Some older studies focussed on TCDD only, fed via 2,4,5‐T (Jensen and Hummel, ) or a purified standard (Jones et al., , ), or on a selected number of congeners, e.g. from PCP or PCP‐treated wood contaminated with PCDD/Fs (Firestone et al., ; Fries et al., , ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

137

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL‐PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre‐ and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005‐TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F‐TEQs. No association was observed when including DL‐PCB‐TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F‐TEQ only was on average 2.4‐ and 2.7‐fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL‐PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.

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“…Various studies have been published in which the carry-over of PCDD/Fs in dairy cows was studied, including studies with single doses of pure (radiolabelled) standards (Jensen and Hummel, 1982;Jones et al, 1987Jones et al, , 1989Olling et al, 1991), or repeated doses of contaminated chemicals like pentachlorophenol (Firestone et al, 1979;Fries, 1999), grass containing background levels (McLachlan et al, 1990;McLachlan and Richter, 1998), grass contaminated by sewage sludge (McLachlan and Richter, 1998), or contaminated feed materials like citrus pulp (Traag et al, 1998) or minerals (Huwe and Smith, 2005). Other studies followed up the depletion of PCDD/Fs on affected farms after removal of the source, like citrus pulp (Malisch, 2000), minerals (Brambilla et al, 2008) or potato peels with kaolinic clay .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp

et al. 2015

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Secretion of TCDD in milk and cream following the feeding of TCDD to lactating dairy cows

Cited by 60 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of lactational exposure to 1,2,3,4‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on cytochrome P‐450 1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat liver: Quantitative analysis by the competitive RT‐PCR method

Effect of lactational exposure to 1,2,3,4‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on cytochrome P‐450 1A1 mRNA in the neonatal rat liver: Quantitative analysis by the competitive RT‐PCR method

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

Carry-over of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy cows fed smoke contaminated maize silage or sugar beet pulp

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