SignificanceChronic wounds comprise a growing clinical problem that represents >3% of the health care budget in industrialized countries. Drug development is hampered by the proteolytic nature of the wounds, which greatly limits drug bioavailability. Here, we present a technology that circumvents this by on-site production and reduced chemokine degradation. Lactobacilli bacteria were transformed into CXCL12-producing vectors to bioengineer the wound microenvironment after topical application. Consequently, the immune cells driving the healing process were reinforced, which greatly accelerated wound closure in healthy mice, in mouse models of hyperglycemia and peripheral ischemia, and in a wound model using human skin disks. Initial safety studies demonstrated that neither bacteria nor the chemokine produced was detected in systemic circulation following application to open wounds.