Secretion of adipocytokines by perivascular adipose tissue near stenotic and non-stenotic coronary artery segments in patients undergoing CABG

Verhagen, Sandra N.; Buijsrogge, Marc P.; Vink, Aryan; Herwerden, Lex A. van; Graaf, Yolanda van der; Visseren, Frank L.J.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.005

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, a recent study measured higher levels of adipokines secreted by PVAT biopsies taken from stenotic coronary artery segments, versus non-stenotic segments. 19 Similarly, the Framingham Heart Study is providing insights to the role PVAT plays in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In a recent report from this study, thoracic PVAT was measured via multidetector computed tomography.…”

Section: Clinical Association Of Pvat With Vascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function and Disease

Brown

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2014

ATVB

254

221

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Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), long assumed to be nothing more than vessel-supporting connective tissue, is now understood to be an important, active component of the vasculature, with integral roles in vascular health and disease. PVAT is an adipose tissue with similarities to both brown and white adipose tissue, although recent evidence suggests that PVAT develops from its own precursors. Like other adipose tissue depots, PVAT secretes numerous biologically active substances that can act in both autocrine and paracrine fashion. PVAT has also proven to be involved in vascular inflammation. While PVAT can support inflammation during atherosclerosis via macrophage accumulation, emerging evidence suggests that PVAT also has anti-atherosclerotic properties related to its abilities to induce non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolize fatty acids. We here discuss the accumulated knowledge of PVAT biology, and related research on models of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

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Section: Clinical Association Of Pvat With Vascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function and Disease

Brown

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2014

ATVB

254

221

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“…Many studies have shown a heightened state of inflammation in PVAT surrounding atherosclerotic blood vessels, both in terms of inflammatory cell infiltration 3, 52, 53 and pro-inflammatory gene expression. 3, 53 However, PVAT is comprised of many cell types, so the specific contribution of PV adipocytes to the global inflammatory state of the tissue is impossible to infer from these studies.…”

Section: Regulation Of Inflammation By Perivascular Adipocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory Phenotype of Perivascular Adipocytes

Omar

Chatterjee

Tang

et al. 2014

ATVB

135

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Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) directly abuts the lamina adventitia of conduit arteries and actively communicates with the vessel wall to regulate vascular function and inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that the biological activities of PVAT are governed by perivascular (PV) adipocytes, a unique class of adipocyte with distinct molecular and phenotypic characteristics. Perivascular adipocytes surrounding human coronary arteries (pericoronary PV adipocytes) exhibit a reduced state of adipogenic differentiation and a heightened pro-inflammatory state, secreting up to 50-fold higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 as compared with adipocytes from other regional depots. Thus, PV adipocytes may contribute to upregulated inflammation of PVAT observed in atherosclerotic human blood vessels. On the other hand, PV adipocytes also secrete anti-inflammatory molecules such as adiponectin, and elimination of PVAT in rodent models has been shown to augment vascular disease, suggesting that some amount of PVAT is required to maintain vascular homeostasis. Evidence in animal models and in humans suggests that inflammation of PVAT may be modulated by environmental factors, such as high fat diet and tobacco smoke, which are relevant to atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that the inflammatory phenotype of PVAT is diverse depending on species, anatomic location, and environmental factors, and that these differences are fundamentally important in determining a pathogenic versus protective role of PVAT in vascular disease. Further research into the mechanisms that regulate the inflammatory balance of PV adipocytes may yield new insight into, and treatment strategies for, cardiovascular disease.

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“…Moreover, phenotypical switching from M2 to M1 macrophage polarisation within epicardial adipose tissue correlates with the severity of stable CAD. In contrast, other studies show no difference in the M1/M2 ratio within the lesions themselves but with higher numbers of M2 macrophages in epicardial adipose tissue surrounding stenotic and non-stenotic coronary artery segments (44). This could suggest a negative feedback loop in advanced CAD, but it might also reflect a heterogeneity of the M2 phenotype.…”

Section: Annals Of Medicinementioning

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of diffuse obstructive coronary artery disease: the role of arterial stiffness, shear stress, monocyte subsets and circulating microparticles

et al. 2016

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Despite falling age-adjusted mortality rates coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Advanced diffuse CAD is becoming an important entity of modern cardiology as more patients with historical revascularisation no longer have suitable anatomy for additional procedures. Advances in the treatment of diffuse obstructive CAD are hampered by a poor understanding of its development. Although the likelihood of developing clinically significant (obstructive) CAD is linked to traditional risk factors, the morphology of obstructive CAD among individuals is highly variable - some patients have diffuse stenotic disease, while others have a focal stenosis. This is challenging to explain in mechanistic terms as vascular endothelium is equally exposed to injury stimulants. Patients with diffuse disease are at high risk of adverse outcomes, particularly if unsuitable for revascularisation. We searched multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database) and reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prognosis relating to advanced diffuse CAD with particular focus on the role of endothelial shear stress, large artery stiffness, monocyte subsets and circulating microparticles. Key messages Although traditional CAD risk factors correlate strongly with disease severity, significant individual variation in disease morphology exists. Advanced, diffuse CAD is difficult to treat effectively and can significantly impair quality of life and increases mortality. The pathophysiology associated with the progression of CAD is the result of complex maladaptive interaction between the endothelium, cells of the immune system and patterns of blood flow.

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Secretion of adipocytokines by perivascular adipose tissue near stenotic and non-stenotic coronary artery segments in patients undergoing CABG

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function and Disease

Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Function and Disease

Proinflammatory Phenotype of Perivascular Adipocytes

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of diffuse obstructive coronary artery disease: the role of arterial stiffness, shear stress, monocyte subsets and circulating microparticles

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