Secondhand Smoke as a Potential Cause of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Exposure to SHS is common and significantly independently associated with CRS. These findings have important clinical and public health implications.

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing in children

“…Another factor which may contribute to the burden of SDB in lower SES populations is secondhand smoke exposure. Indeed, children exposed to second-hand smoke experience increased episodes of otitis media and respiratory disease [26]. Exposed children may experience adenoidal or nasal mucosal inflammation and sinusitis, leading to increased snoring and sleep disturbance.…”

Risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis

“…There is some evidence that active cigarette smoking is more prevalent among patients with CRS. [78, 79**, 80]. The GA 2 LEN determined that there is a strong association between CRS and active tobacco use (aOR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.8–2.1), with a significant, but smaller, association of CRS with former smokers (aOR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.2–1.4).…”

“…The few studies examining the relationship between second hand smoke exposure or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and adult CRS have produced conflicting results, while studies of CRS in children have demonstrated a consistent association between ETS and CRS among children who have had sinus surgery. [80–83] Studies examining the pathophysiologic effects of tobacco smoke on sinonasal mucosa suggest the reported associations are biologically plausible given findings that smoke decreases the mucociliary clearance of sinonasal mucosa by altering ionic transport mechanisms, impairs ciliogenesis, and suppresses innate immunity through alterations in toll-like receptors (TLRs), effector proteins (eg, β-defensins) and complement components. [84, 85]…”

Chronic Maxillary Rhinosinusitis of Dental Origin: A Systematic Review of 674 Patient Cases

“…Normal mucociliary clearance requires an adequate permeability of the sinus ostium as well as good secretory and ciliary functions [10]. From a pathophysiological point of view, CMRS is due to a temporary and reversible mucociliary dyskinesia [11], which could be favoured by several factors: gastroesophageal reflux disease [12], atmospheric pollution [13], smoking [14], nasosinusal polyposis [15], arterial hypertension [15], dental infections, anatomic malformations such as septal deviations, concha bullosa, allergic reactions, and immune deficits [16–20]. Odontogenic CMRS occurs when the Schneiderian membrane is irritated or perforated, as a result of a dental infection, maxillary trauma, foreign body into the sinus, maxillary bone pathology, the placing of dental implants in the maxillary bone, supernumerary teeth, periapical granuloma, inflammatory keratocyst, or dental surgery like dental extractions or orthognathic osteotomies [3, 21].…”