Secondary organic aerosol formation initiated from reactions between ozone and surface-sorbed squalene

Children exposure to indoor ultrafine particles in urban and rural school environments

“…The number of rural schools should also be ex-tended in a future study to better support and understand the magnitude of the differences between schools in different environments. Third, reactions between ozone with a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds from human skin oil (surface-sorbed squalene), furnishings surfaces (aldehydes, ketones) and cleaning products (d-limonene or α-pinene) have been highlighted as significant secondary UFP-generating processes (Morawska et al 2009, Wang & Waring 2014, which could not be identified in the present study since ozone levels were not measured in classrooms. Finally, it is important to have in mind that several building/classroom characteristics evaluated in this study, such as "the curtains standard materials" or "gas as the power source for the heaters", had slightly disproportioned sample of cases for comparison, which may produce some bias.…”

Road tunnel, roadside, and urban background measurements of aliphatic compounds in size-segregated particulate matter

“…Lately, it has been described as a component of human skin oil and prevalent on indoor surfaces and in settled dust due to desquamation (e.g. Wang and Waring, 2014). However, squalene has previously been found in diesel soot (Hermosin and Saiz-Jimenez, 2013) and in samples from the combustion of biomass fuels including coconut leaves, rice straw, jackfruit branches, dried cow dung patties, and briquettes (Sheesley et al, 2003).…”

The simplification of computer simulated persons (CSPs) in CFD models of occupied indoor spaces

“…In order to demonstrate this point, further computations were conducted. In the computations, it was assumed that volatile aerosols generated from the ozone reaction with human skin lipid [29,30] were evenly released from skin of the passenger close to the aisle (Passenger C).…”