Secondary Microplastics Generation in the Sea Swash Zone With Coarse Bottom Sediments: Laboratory Experiments

Efimova, Irina; Bagaeva, Margarita; Bagaev, Andrei; Kileso, Alexander; Chubarenko, Irina

doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00313

Cited by 157 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…2D), another similar canister showed severe UV damage within 30 y (Fig. 2E), and PET bottles degrade even more rapidly, confirming the mechanical damage caused by cobble beaches in areas with high wave action (21). The thinwalled PET bottles used for still water degrade within a few years in this high-energy environment (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Ryan

Dilley

Ronconi

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

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Most plastic debris floating at sea is thought to come from land-based sources, but there is little direct evidence to support this assumption. Since 1984, stranded debris has been recorded along the west coast of Inaccessible Island, a remote, uninhabited island in the central South Atlantic Ocean that has a very high macrodebris load (∼5 kg·m−1). Plastic drink bottles show the fastest growth rate, increasing at 15% per year compared with 7% per year for other debris types. In 2018, we examined 2,580 plastic bottles and other containers (one-third of all debris items) that had accumulated on the coast, and a further 174 bottles that washed ashore during regular monitoring over the course of 72 d (equivalent to 800 bottles·km−1·y−1). The oldest container was a high-density polyethylene canister made in 1971, but most were polyethylene terephthalate drink bottles of recent manufacture. Of the bottles that washed up during our survey, 90% were date-stamped within 2 y of stranding. In the 1980s, two-thirds of bottles derived from South America, carried 3,000 km by the west wind drift. By 2009, Asia had surpassed South America as the major source of bottles, and by 2018, Asian bottles comprised 73% of accumulated and 83% of newly arrived bottles, with most made in China. The rapid growth in Asian debris, mainly from China, coupled with the recent manufacture of these items, indicates that ships are responsible for most of the bottles floating in the central South Atlantic Ocean, in contravention of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships regulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Ryan

Dilley

Ronconi

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Certain terrestrial environments are highly contaminated by microplastic pollution, those highly subject to plastic garbage or in close proximity to other plastic waste conduits (Blasing and Amelung 2018;Su et al 2020). Major sources of microplastics on land include plastic mulching film (Liu et al 2014), urban waste (Kole et al 2017), wastewater treatment sludge (Gatidou et al 2019), road and tire debris (Siegfried et al 2017;Nizzetto et al 2016), construction sites (Kawecki and Nowack 2019), artificial turf deterioration (Li 2019), and single use plastic products (Efimova et al 2018), among others. The microplastic pollution that comes from wastewater generated by residential and business communities contains heavy loads of synthetic microfibers, the most abundant type of microplastic in wastewaters (Okoffo et al 2019).…”

Section: Sources and Presence Of Microplastics In Soil Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in Soils and Sediment: Sources, Methodologies, and Interactions with Microorganisms

Peller¹,

McCool²,

Watters³

2020

Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment

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The massive scope of plastic and microplastic pollution in soils and sediments requires broad and thorough studies to understand details of the extent and effects of these persistent pollutants. Plastic particulate pollutants in the environment are subjected to natural processes, fragment over time into smaller pieces, and influence the surrounding biota. Land environments, from open fields to agricultural fields to watersheds and deep ocean sediment, have been subjected to plastics/microplastics from a variety of sources and via natural and anthropogenic transport for many years. A number of different sampling, processing, and detection methods have been used to identify and quantify the loads of microplastics in soils and sediments. Scientific studies are still lacking systematic, standardized protocols, which will allow for accurate comparisons and compilations of data from around the world. This review chapter highlights many studies published over the past several years on land environments affected by

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“…When combined, the weathering mechanisms could lead to more rapid breakdown of MPs than in the case of each of the mechanisms separately (Song et al 2017). Rates of MPs weathering and fragmentation depend on plastic type and morphology (Shah et al 2008;Gewert et al 2015;Bandow et al 2017;Song et al 2017;Efimova et al 2018); however, the exact rates of MPs weathering taking place in the environment and not in laboratory conditions are still poorly investigated (Gewert et al 2015).…”

Section: Evolution Of Mps Properties In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of marine microplastic particles: why is it so difficult to predict?

Khatmullina

Chubarenko

2019

Anthropocene Coasts

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Marine microplastic particles (MPs, <5 mm) exhibit wide ranges of densities, sizes, and shapes, so that the entire MPs “ensemble” at every time instant can be characterized by continuous distributions of these parameters. Accordingly, this community of particles demonstrates distributions of dynamical properties, such as sinking or rising velocity, critical shear stress, and the re-suspension threshold. Moreover, all the MPs’ properties vary significantly with the time spent in marine environment and with particular conditions experienced by the particle on its journey. A brief review of the present-day numerical efforts towards prediction of MPs transport shows the prevalence of the Lagrangian particle tracking approach, especially for floating litter. In a broader context, the present practice of MPs transport modelling follows the “selective” strategy (e.g., only a certain sub-class of MPs, or specific processes, are considered, sometimes in only one- or two-dimensional setting). The heterogeneous nature of MPs, their enormous longevity and movability in marine environment, and the wide spectrum of the involved environmental processes suggest further integration (or coupling) of different models in future, as well as application of other types of models (ensemble modeling, chaos theory approaches, machine learning, etc.) to the problems of MPs transport and fate in the marine environment.

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Secondary Microplastics Generation in the Sea Swash Zone With Coarse Bottom Sediments: Laboratory Experiments

Cited by 157 publications

References 33 publications

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Rapid increase in Asian bottles in the South Atlantic Ocean indicates major debris inputs from ships

Microplastics in Soils and Sediment: Sources, Methodologies, and Interactions with Microorganisms

Transport of marine microplastic particles: why is it so difficult to predict?

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