Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivities of<i>Thymbra spicata</i>var.<i>spicata</i>in Amanos Mountains

Ulukanlı, Zeynep; Bozok, Fuat; Çenet, Menderes; Ince, Huseyin; Demirci, Salih Cercis; Sezer, Gokhan

doi:10.1080/0972060x.2016.1209132

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Summing up, the data reflect the high potency of T. decussatus EOs, which could be attributed to its content of terpenoid compounds, particularly the monoterpenes, such as the major compounds carvacrol and p -cymene. It is worth mentioning that p -cymene is represented as the major phytotoxic compound of many plants, such as Origanum acutidens [ 49 ], Zataria multiflora [ 50 ], Eucalyptus citriodora , Eucalyptus grandis [ 51 ], Thymbra spicata [ 52 ], Thymus eigii [ 53 ], and Thymus daenensis [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby, it could play the main role of the phytotoxic activity of both the extracted EOs. Additionally, carvacrol was previously reported to exhibit phytotoxic activity in many plants, such as Plectranthus amboinicus [ 55 ], Melissa officinalis , Origanum vulgare [ 56 ], Zataria multiflora [ 50 ], Eriocephalus africanus [ 57 ], Origanum acutidens [ 49 ], Thymbra spicata [ 52 ], Thymus eigii [ 53 ], Satureja [ 58 ], and Thymus daenensis [ 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques

Saleh

Abd‐ElGawad

Gendy

et al. 2020

Plants

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Essential oils (EOs) have been described as promising eco-friendly secondary products of aromatic plants with several biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and explore phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus EOs extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Twenty-seven and twenty-eight compounds were identified from HD and MAE extracted EOs of T. polium, respectively. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes (57.68%) were characterized as the main components of the hydrodistilled EO with a prominence of 6-epi-shyobunol (33.00%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.48%) were the main components of the MAE method, with a prominence of delta-cadinene (25.13%). Eighteen and nineteen compounds, were characterized in T. decussatus EOs extracted using HD and MAE methods, respectively, and oxygenated monoterpenes represented the main components of both EOs with carvacrol (94.40% and 75.91%, respectively) as the main compound. The EOs extracted using the MAE method were slightly more phytotoxic than those extracted using the HD method. The T. decussatus EO extracted using the MAE method showed a higher inhibitory effect than T. polium by 16-, 32-, and 24-fold, regarding seed germination, shoot, and root growth of lettuce, respectively. Moreover, EOs extracted by HD method showed a similar pattern with 16-, 28-, and 14-fold effects. Both T. decussatus EOs exhibited potent inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria with an inhibition zone of 34–39 mm and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.49, 0.98, and 1.95 μg/mL against Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. However, the EOs of T. polium showed weak antibacterial activity and no antifungal effect. Further studies are needed for the characterization of bioactive major compounds, either singular or synergistic, at field scale and to determine their modes of action and safety.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques

Saleh

Abd‐ElGawad

Gendy

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Potential herbicidal activity of the EO from Nepeta flavida was reported against Raphanus sativus , Lepidium sativum , and Eruca sativa , in which it completely inhibited germination at a concentration of 4.0 μL mL −1 [ 28 ], an effect that may be attributed to the presence of the monoterpenes linalool, 1,8-cineole, and sabinene [ 28 ]. Monoterpenes including carvacrol, γ -terpinene, p -cymene were found to be the predominant constituents of the EO of Thymbra spicata and may be responsible for the strong phytotoxic activity reported against Zea mays , Triticum aestivum , Lactuca sativa , Lepidium sativum , and Portulaca oleracea [ 27 ]. Ulukanli, et al [ 26 ] reported that the EO of Thymus eigii exhibited significant toxic effects against Lepidium sativum , Lactuca sativa , and P. oleracea .…”

Section: Phytotoxic Eos Derived From Plants Rich In Monoterpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses

Abd‐ElGawad

Gendy

Assaeed

et al. 2020

Plants

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Herbicides are natural or synthetic chemicals used to control unwanted plants (weeds). To avoid the harmful effects of synthetic herbicides, considerable effort has been devoted to finding alternative products derived from natural sources. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants are auspicious source of bioherbicides. This review discusses phytotoxic EOs and their chemical compositions as reported from 1972 to 2020. Using chemometric analysis, we attempt to build a structure-activity relationship between phytotoxicity and EO chemical composition. Data analysis reveals that oxygenated terpenes, and mono- and sesquiterpenes, in particular, play principal roles in the phytotoxicity of EOs. Pinene, 1,8 cineole, linalool, and carvacrol are the most effective monoterpenes, with significant phytotoxicity evident in the EOs of many plants. Caryophyllene and its derivatives, including germacrene, spathulenol, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, are the most effective sesquiterpenes. EOs rich in iridoids (non-terpene compounds) also exhibit allelopathic activity. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of these compounds in pure forms, determine their activity in the field, evaluate their safety, and assess their modes of action.

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“…Thymbra spicata (Lamiaceae), a plant known as 'Karabas kekik', 'Kara kekik', 'Sater' or 'Zater' grows in the wild flora of some of the Mediterranean countries, is used in the form of dry leaves as spice and herbal tea 14,15 . Works of literature survey disclosed that there were some steam distilled essential oil analyses of T spicata 16,17 . The essential oils of the air‐dried aerial parts of T spicata var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…spicata growing on the Amanos Mountains were subjected to hydrodistillation and examined with GC‐MS. Among the 15 compounds, the main constituents were as follows: carvacrol (57.95%), γ ‐terpinene (18.95%), p ‐cymene (9.43%) and 1‐phellandrene (3.26%) 16 . The genus Ziziphora is one of the aromatic genera of the mint family (Lamiaceae) with more than 30 species, largely seen in the Mediterranean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity, and volatile and phenolic compounds from five Lamiaceae species

Çelik

Kılıç

Kanbolat

et al. 2020

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Lamiaceae, a family of flowering plants, have been historically used as culinary herbs, shrubs and medicinal plants. With this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the five species of the Lamiaceae family (Thymus cilicicus, Clinopodium nepeta L., Nepeta italica L., Thymbra spicata L. and Ziziphora clinopodioides) that grow in Turkey were identified by the SPME/GC‐FID/MS method. The five species were screened in order to reveal their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compound analyses of five species were performed by using RP‐HPLC with diode array detection. Among the total number of 73 compounds that were identified, α‐pinene (2.2%‐13.8%), β‐pinene (0.3%‐25.9%), p‐cymene (0.7%‐17.9%), γ‐terpinene (0.4%‐22.0%), carvacrol (0.1%‐40.2%), sabinene (1.2%‐34.2%), terpinen‐4‐ol (0.2%‐27.5%), (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (0.1%‐13.8%) and (E)‐β‐farnesene (0.4%‐19.7%) were found to be the most plentiful ones. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the methanol extracts of the five species of the Lamiaceae family were investigated, and the results were in the range of 23‐959 µg/mL; the most pronounced antibacterial activities were determined to be against Mycobacterium smegmatis (23‐291 µg/mL). All of the methanol extracts possessed effective antioxidant capacity (IC50: 1.82‐28.18 μmol/L Trolox/g sample) as estimated from the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging assays. Additionally, the effect of phenolics, especially benzoic acid (86.27, 27.85, ‐, 13.11, 9.59 mg/g extract, respectively), on the biological properties of the methanol extracts of the five species of the Lamiaceae family, was investigated.

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Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivities ofThymbra spicatavar.spicatain Amanos Mountains

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques

Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques

Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses

Biological activity, and volatile and phenolic compounds from five Lamiaceae species

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