Biological activity, and volatile and phenolic compounds from five Lamiaceae species

Abstract

Lamiaceae, a family of flowering plants, have been historically used as culinary herbs, shrubs and medicinal plants. With this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the five species of the Lamiaceae family (Thymus cilicicus, Clinopodium nepeta L., Nepeta italica L., Thymbra spicata L. and Ziziphora clinopodioides) that grow in Turkey were identified by the SPME/GC‐FID/MS method. The five species were screened in order to reveal their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compound analyses of five species were performed by using RP‐HPLC with diode array detection. Among the total number of 73 compounds that were identified, α‐pinene (2.2%‐13.8%), β‐pinene (0.3%‐25.9%), p‐cymene (0.7%‐17.9%), γ‐terpinene (0.4%‐22.0%), carvacrol (0.1%‐40.2%), sabinene (1.2%‐34.2%), terpinen‐4‐ol (0.2%‐27.5%), (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (0.1%‐13.8%) and (E)‐β‐farnesene (0.4%‐19.7%) were found to be the most plentiful ones. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the methanol extracts of the five species of the Lamiaceae family were investigated, and the results were in the range of 23‐959 µg/mL; the most pronounced antibacterial activities were determined to be against Mycobacterium smegmatis (23‐291 µg/mL). All of the methanol extracts possessed effective antioxidant capacity (IC50: 1.82‐28.18 μmol/L Trolox/g sample) as estimated from the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging assays. Additionally, the effect of phenolics, especially benzoic acid (86.27, 27.85, ‐, 13.11, 9.59 mg/g extract, respectively), on the biological properties of the methanol extracts of the five species of the Lamiaceae family, was investigated.

Chemical Composition, Anti-Quorum Sensing, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Extracts of Clinopodium nepeta L. Kuntze

“…The results here suggest that phenolic compounds contained in C. nepeta extracts may exert antioxidant properties, as free radical scavengers, as source of hydrogen, or as oxygen singlet extinguishers and chelating agents of metal ions. The good antioxidant activity observed for C. nepeta extracts corroborates previous studies [ 45 ]. Utilization and development of more effective antioxidants of natural medicinal plants are desired as these antioxidants are considered safer than synthetic ones [ 58 , 59 ].…”

“…Since only DCM and AcOEt extracts inhibited violacein formation and QS, the activity could be attributed to some phenolic compound detected exclusively in these two extracts, such as trans -cinnamic acid, but this will require further investigation with authentic sample of the compounds. This plant has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity [ 45 ]; however, its anti-QS effect is reported here for the first time. The extracts inhibited swarming motility in P. aeruginosa PA01.…”

“…A careful selection of extraction methods and solvents would allow maximum depletion of the target components contained in plants and avoid their chemical or biological alteration. In one study, RP-HPLC-DAD using seven phenolic standards, benzoic acid was detected in Clinopodium nepeta , collected in Turkey and p -coumaric acid was absent [ 45 ]. In this study, several phenolic standards were used and 3-Hydroxy benzoic acid and p -Hydroxy benzoic acid were detected, and p -coumaric acid was absent.…”

Chemical Profiling and Biological Evaluation of Nepeta baytopii Extracts and Essential Oil: An Endemic Plant from Turkey

“…cadmea, N. nuda subsp. glandulifera, N. meyeri, N. conferta, and N. cadmea have been previously investigated [8,9,[16][17][18][19]. However, endemic Nepeta baytopii has received little scientific attention.…”

Quali–Quantitative Characterization of Volatile and Non-Volatile Compounds in Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand Resin by GC–MS Validated Method, GC–FID and HPLC–HRMS2

“…This secondary metabolite has relevant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anxiolytic and antimicrobial activities [ 34 , 35 ]. Β-Phellandrene, 3-carene and α-pinene have reported antibacterial and antifungal activities by disrupting the pathogen membrane structure and leading to energy metabolism dysfunctions in pathogen microorganisms [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. β-( E )-caryophyllene is naturally present in several plant species and marketed as extracts due to its relevant commercial value.…”