Secondary dementia due to Lyme neuroborreliosis

Kristoferitsch, Wolfgang; Aboulenein-Djamshidian, Fahmy; Jecel, Julia; Rauschka, Helmut; Rainer, Michael; Stanek, Gerold; Fischer, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00508-018-1361-9

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It is also estimated that <10% of untreated neuroborreliosis cases lead to encephalomyelitis. However, it is worth pointing out that cases of untreated neuroborreliosis and such complications are exceptionally rare today [66,67].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance

Gudowska-Sawczuk

Mroczko

2020

IJMS

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Neuroborreliosis (NB) and neurosyphilis (NS) are abnormal conditions caused by spirochetal bacteria which affect the nervous system. Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis is determined by clinical examination of visible symptoms, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and serological detection of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Treponema pallidum, respectively. Establishing a diagnosis may sometimes pose a number of diagnostic difficulties. A potential role of chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) as an accurate diagnostic biomarker of intrathecal inflammation has been suggested. In this review, we focused on changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of chemokine ligand 13 in selected spirochetal neurological diseases neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis reported in the available literature. We performed an extensive search of the literature relevant to our investigation via the MEDLINE/PubMed database. It has been proven that CXCL13 determination can provide rapid information regarding central nervous system inflammation in patients with selected spirochetosis. We described that neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis are associated with an elevated CXCL13 concentration, mainly in the cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, literature data suggest that CXCL13 determination is the most interesting additional marker for diagnosis and monitoring of neuroborreliosis and neurosyphilis thanks to its high sensitivity. Based on these published findings, we suggest that CXCL13 has high diagnostic utility and may be applied in laboratory diagnostics as a potential diagnostic marker in human spirochetal neurologic diseases.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance

Gudowska-Sawczuk

Mroczko

2020

IJMS

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“…The diagnostic criteria and antibiotic treatment of both early and late LNB are well established, but the frequency and spectrum of residual symptoms in patients with LNB is still a matter of debate [2]. Possible associations have been suggested between LNB and neurological disorders, such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, epilepsy and Guillain-Barré syndrome [3]. All associations are stated as rare and the hypothesized underlying mechanisms include both a direct causal effect of active infection and sequelae of LNB either treated or untreated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Neurological Disorders in Patients With European Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

Haahr

Tetens

Dessau

et al. 2019

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Background Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), caused by the tick-borne spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex, has been suggested to be associated with a range of neurological disorders. In a nationwide, population-based cohort study, we examined the associations between LNB and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron disease, epilepsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Methods We used national registers to identify all Danish residents diagnosed during 1986–2016 with LNB (n = 2067), created a gender- and age-matched comparison cohort from the general population (n = 20 670), and calculated risk estimates and hazard ratios. Results We observed no long-term increased risks of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron diseases, or epilepsy. However, within the first year, 8 (0.4%) of the LNB patients developed epilepsy, compared with 20 (0.1%) of the comparison cohort (difference, 0.3%; 95% confidence interval, .02–.6%). In the LNB group, 11 (0.5%) patients were diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome within the first year after LNB diagnosis, compared with 0 (0.0%) in the comparison cohort. After the first year, the risk of Guillain-Barré was not increased. Conclusions LNB patients did not have increased long-term risks of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron diseases, epilepsy, or Guillain-Barré. Although the absolute risk is low, LNB patients might have an increased short-term risk of epilepsy and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

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“…Bacterial meningitis leading to cognitive impairment was well-studied in Treponema pallidum in relation to dementia ( 31 ). B. burgdorferi infection has also been associated with mild ( 32 ) to severe ( 33 ) cognitive deficits. In the endemic areas of Lyme disease, Borrelia infections as a possible cause of cognitive impairment has to be carefully considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Borrelia Spirochetes: A Case Study With Validation Among Autopsy Specimens

et al. 2021

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The complex etiology of neurodegenerative disease has prompted studies on multiple mechanisms including genetic predisposition, brain biochemistry, immunological responses, and microbial insult. In particular, Lyme disease is often associated with neurocognitive impairment with variable manifestations between patients. We sought to develop methods to reliably detect Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete bacteria responsible for Lyme disease, in autopsy specimens of patients with a history of neurocognitive disease. In this report, we describe the use of multiple molecular detection techniques for this pathogen and its application to a case study of a Lyme disease patient. The patient had a history of Lyme disease, was treated with antibiotics, and years later developed chronic symptoms including dementia. The patient's pathology and clinical case description was consistent with Lewy body dementia. B. burgdorferi was identified by PCR in several CNS tissues and by immunofluorescent staining in the spinal cord. These studies offer proof of the principle that persistent infection with the Lyme disease spirochete may have lingering consequences on the CNS.

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Secondary dementia due to Lyme neuroborreliosis

Cited by 39 publications

References 50 publications

Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance

Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance

Risk of Neurological Disorders in Patients With European Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

Detecting Borrelia Spirochetes: A Case Study With Validation Among Autopsy Specimens

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