Second Order Statistics of Non-Isotropic Mobile-to-Mobile Ricean Fading Channels

Abstract

Abstract-This paper develops a generic geometry-based stochastic model for mobile-to-mobile (M2M) Ricean fading channels. From the generic model, the level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) are derived. Based on the derived expressions, we for the first time investigate the LCR and AFD for M2M channels with different vehicular traffic densities (VTDs). Excellent agreement is achieved between the theoretical results and measured data, demonstrating the utility of the proposed model.

Envelope Level Crossing Rate and Average Fade Duration of Nonisotropic Vehicle-to-Vehicle Ricean Fading Channels

“…To make the proposed model able to investigate the impact of the VTD on channel statistics, the TR model is used to present moving scatterers, e.g., moving cars around the Tx and Rx, and the EL model is applied to present static scatterers, e.g., static roadside environment. Unlike the previous RS-GBSM in [21], the proposed model actually considers the movement of the moving scatterers by defining different effective velocities of the Tx/Rx with respect to moving scatterers and static scatterers. Therefore, the effective velocities of the Tx and Rx with respect to static scatterers are denoted as υ T and υ R in directions determined by the directions of motion γ T and γ R , respectively.…”

“…We propose a new V2V RS-GBSM that corrects the unrealistic assumption used in [21] by properly capturing different Doppler frequencies for moving scatterers and static scatterers. The newly developed V2V RS-GBSM is suitable for a wide variety of scenarios, i.e., LSS, MSS, and SSS scenarios, thus enabling the analysis of the VTD impact on channel characteristics.…”

“…Moreover, due to the unique feature of V2V communication environments, the impact of the vehicular traffic density (VTD) on channel characteristics in MSS and SSS scenarios cannot be neglected [10], unlike in LSS scenarios. More recently, in [21], we have performed some preliminary work on the impact of VTD on LCR and AFD. However, the work in [21] simply assumed that the moving scatterers and static scatterers have the same Doppler frequency.…”

“…More recently, in [21], we have performed some preliminary work on the impact of VTD on LCR and AFD. However, the work in [21] simply assumed that the moving scatterers and static scatterers have the same Doppler frequency. This unrealistic assumption underestimates the temporal behavior of envelope fluctuations, and thus, the derived LCR and AFD in [21] are inaccurate.…”

“…Although the LCR and AFD are of extreme importance for a V2V channel due to its greater dynamics, only a few papers [18]- [21] investigated the LCR and AFD for V2V channels. In [18], the LCR and AFD for isotropic scattering V2V Rayleigh fading channels in 2-D large spatial scale (LSS) scenarios (i.e., the Tx-Rx distance is larger than 1 km) were studied.…”