Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Distinguishes Both High-Grade Dysplasia and Cancer from Normal Colonic Mucosa

Abstract

SHG signal intensity can differentiate malignant from non-malignant colonic polyp tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. Anisotropic polarization can discern HGD from normal colonic polyp tissue. SHG can thus distinguish both HGD and malignant lesions in an objective numeric fashion, without contrast agents or interpretation skills. SHG could be incorporated into endoscopy equipment to enhance white light endoscopy.

Assessment of Tumor Invasion Depth in Colorectal Carcinoma Using Multiphoton Microscopy

“…Collagen content alteration in the normal and cancerous tissue from colorectal submucosa and muscularis propria layers MPM has several unique advantages of being label-free, intrinsic optical sectioning ability, near-infrared excitation for deep penetration depth into tissue, reduced photobleaching and phototoxicity in the out-of-focus regions, and the capability of providing quantitative information. It has been used to examine the potential applications in the field of colorectal cancer including monitoring colorectal cancer progression [24], [25], detecting tumor metastasis and microenvironment [26]- [28], evaluating colorectal cancer therapy response [29], and visualizing and ablating preinvasive colorectal cancer cells [30]. In this paper, this technique was extended to assess colorectal carcinoma invasion depth in the colorectal submucosa or muscularis propria layers.…”

Layer-resolved colorectal tissues using nonlinear microscopy

“…The process of pathological diagnosis involves removal of tissue, putting it into 10 % buffered formalin, paraffin embedding, sectioning, staining (H&E), and then examination under bright-field white light microscopy. There exist many drawbacks including cost, wait time for results, and the excisional process itself with its inherent risks of adverse events such as bleeding or perforation [10]. Thus, development of new imaging technologies, which are capable of detecting microscopic tumors or precursor lesions, can be of tremendous help.…”

“…* Guoxian Guan gxguan1108@163.com * Jianxin Chen chenjianxin@fjnu.edu.cn Given the advantages provided by MPM, it has been widely applied to detect colorectal tissues; however, focus of these researches was confined within a specific layer such as mucosa [9][10][11][12]. Therefore, the research objective of this work is the whole bowel wall including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa, and the aim of this study is to investigate whether MPM has the ability to identify the four-layer structures of the bowel wall.…”

Optical Tools to Investigate Cellular Activity in the Intestinal Wall

“…Nonetheless, with those lasers, multiphoton excitation and second harmonic imaging of non-centrosymmetric biomolecules such as myosin and collagen becomes possible. 132 The future challenge in using the currently available live imaging probes will be the careful design of specific driver and expression system pairs to deliver bright and fast optical probes to the correct cells in the desired time window. For equipment, the challenges mainly revolve around increasing the speed at which (especially neuronal signals) can be recorded, penetration depth, as well as finding a solution to match high resolution recordings to low magnification overview in order to maximally involve the cellular circuit of interest.…”