Second-harmonic generation from arrays of symmetric gold nanoparticles

McMahon, Matthew D.; López, René; Haglund, Richard F.; Ray, Emily A.; Bunton, Patrick

doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.041401

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recently, a renaissance of scientific interests appears in the quadratic nonlinearities of metallic nanostructures and nanoparticles (NPs) partially owing to the significant localizations of electromagnetic (EM) field induced by the plasmonic oscillations of the conduction electrons inside the metal [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]. More specifically, SHG were experimentally observed from different geometric configurations such as sharp metal tips [28,32], periodic nanostructured metal films [29], imperfect spheres [31,35], split-ring resonators [34,40] and their complementary counterparts [42], metallodielectric multilayer photonic-bandgap structures [41], T-shaped [40] and L-shaped NPs [38,43], noncentrosymmetric T-shaped nanodimers [39,46] and "fishnet" structures [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical theory for second-harmonic generation from metallic nanoparticles

et al. 2009

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In this article, we develop a classical electrodynamic theory to study the optical nonlinearities of metallic nanoparticles. The quasi-free electrons inside the metal are approximated as a classical Coulomb-interacting electron gas, and their motion under the excitation of an external electromagnetic field is described by the plasma equations. This theory is further tailored to study second-harmonic generation. Through detailed experiment-theory comparisons, we validate this classical theory as well as the associated numerical algorithm. It is demonstrated that our theory not only provides qualitative agreement with experiments, it also reproduces the overall strength of the experimentally observed second-harmonic signals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical theory for second-harmonic generation from metallic nanoparticles

et al. 2009

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“…The same occurs in the reflection region, confirming that our FDTD implementation fully respects the symmetry of SH fields. Similar arguments based on symmetry considerations explain why specular radiation is forbidden for regular arrangements of nanoparticles [58]. Moreover SH photons with G SH i;j 0 are forbidden under the normal incidence condition, so only the evanescent waves on the lattice at FH (SPPs, nonpropagating near field scattered by the holes) can create SH fields obeying momentum conservation [59].…”

Section: Far-field Emission At Second-harmonic: General Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Second-harmonic generation from metallic arrays of rectangular holes

2014

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The generation process of second-harmonic radiation from holes periodically arranged on a metal surface is investigated. Three main modulating factors affecting the far-field distribution and the transmission efficiency are identified: the near-field distribution at the wavelength of the driving source (fundamental harmonic), how second-harmonic light couples to the diffraction orders of the lattice, and its propagation properties inside the holes. It is shown that light generated at the second harmonic can excite electromagnetic modes otherwise inaccessible in the linear regime under normal incidence illumination, a singularity of second-harmonic fields that affects the radiation process. For instance, the least decaying transversal electric TE 0;1 mode accessible to the external beam is able to generate a superposition of high-order modes (TE 1;1 and TM 1;1 ) at the second harmonic. It is demonstrated that the emission of second-harmonic radiation is only allowed along off-normal paths precisely due to that symmetry. In this work, two different regimes are studied in the context of extraordinary optical transmission, where enhanced linear transmission either occurs through localized electromagnetic modes or is aided by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). While localized resonances in metallic hole arrays have been previously investigated, the role played by surface plasmons in second-harmonic generation has not been addressed so far. In general, good agreement is found between our calculations (based on the finite difference time domain method) and the experimental results on localized resonances, even though no free-fitting parameters were used in describing the materials. It is found that second-harmonic emission is strongly modulated by enhanced fields at the fundamental wavelength (either localized or surface plasmon modes) on the glass-metal interface. This is so in the transmission side but also in reflection, where emission can only be explained by an efficient tunneling of secondharmonic photons through the holes from the output to the input side. Finally, the existence of a dark SPP at the fundamental field is identified through a noninvasive method for the first time, by analyzing the efficiency and far-field pattern distribution in transmission at the second harmonic.

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“…1 For example, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 2 two-photon luminescence in plasmon gap antennas 3 and white light super-continuum in gold dipole antennas 4 were successfully observed. Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) in metals enhanced by surface plasmons (SPs) has received much attention in a variety of nanostructures, including metal particles, 5,6 hole-array metal films, 7-9 metallic gratings, 10 and metamaterials 11 for enhancing nonlinear radiations 12 and for the studies of the origin of local nonlinear electric current enhancement 13 or the nonlinear responses in hybrid plasmonic systems. 14 By introducing periodic inversion of the effective quadratic nonlinear coefficient associated with the metallic split-ring resonators, nonlinear metamaterial-based photonic crystals were proposed and demonstrated in experiments to control the nonlinear emission direction in the far field.…”

confidence: 99%

Controlling third harmonic generation with gammadion-shaped chiral metamaterials

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

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We theoretically investigated third harmonic generation (THG) from planar chiral metamaterials consisting of a square array of gammadion-shaped metal-insulator-metal multilayered nanostructures. We show that there exists strong circular dichroism (CD) for THG on the proposed chiral metamaterials. We also demonstrate that geometrically mirroring the gammadion -shaped meta-atoms can result in reversal of the THG-CD effect. Based on these CD effects in the optical nonlinear regime, we propose a design of a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) for intense focusing of the THG signals, in which adjacent zones of the FZP consist of gammadions with mirror symmetry and generate circularly polarized THG with opposite handedness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the relative phase of the THG can be continuously changed by rotating the gammadion around its rotational axis, which could be used in the FZP to control the polarization of the output THG signals.

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Second-harmonic generation from arrays of symmetric gold nanoparticles

Cited by 70 publications

References 36 publications

Classical theory for second-harmonic generation from metallic nanoparticles

Classical theory for second-harmonic generation from metallic nanoparticles

Second-harmonic generation from metallic arrays of rectangular holes

Controlling third harmonic generation with gammadion-shaped chiral metamaterials

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