Seaweed: A potential climate change solution

Yong, Wilson Thau Lym; Thien, Vun Yee; Rupert, Rennielyn; Rodrigues, Kenneth Francis

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112222

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Seaweeds (macroalgae) cover a wide group of algal phyla, and so far about 72,500 known species exist in diversified habitats ( Guiry, 2012 ). Seaweeds, a potential climate change solution, have very important ecological roles in the ocean, serving as the base of the marine food chain and the vital force of marine carbon fixation and sequestration ( Campbell et al, 2019 ; Ortega et al, 2019 ; Yong et al, 2022 ). Seaweeds contribute nearly 30% of the world aquaculture production ( Cai et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

Shao

Duan

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cell wall polysaccharides (CWPS) of seaweeds play crucial roles in mechanical shear resistance, cell-cell adhesion and the interactions with changeable marine environments. They have diverse applications in food, cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. The recent boost of multi-omics sequence analysis has rapidly progressed the mining of presumed genes encoding enzymes involved in CWPS biosynthesis pathways. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathways of alginate, fucoidan, agar, carrageenan and ulvan in seaweeds referred to the literatures on published genomes and biochemical characterization of encoded enzymes. Some transcriptomic data were briefly reported to discuss the correlation between gene expression levels and CWPS contents. Mannuronan C-5 epimerase (MC5E) and carbohydrate sulfotransferase (CST) are crucial enzymes for alginate and sulfated CWPS, respectively. Nonetheless, most CWPS-relevant genes were merely investigated by gene mining and phylogenetic analysis. We offer an integrative view of CWPS biosynthesis from a molecular perspective and discuss about the underlying regulation mechanism. However, a clear understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and bioactivities of CWPS is limited, and reverse genetic manipulation and effective gene editing tools need to be developed in future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

Shao

Duan

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Therefore, taking all feasible measures to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide load to prevent ecological damage is essential (Jhariya et al 2021 ; Banerjee et al 2021a , b ). To replace fossil derivatives, climate change has prompted a blue carbon paradigm in which food and fuel can be obtained from aquatic environments through carbon harvesting, carbon sequestration, and carbon sinking (Yong et al 2022 ). Seaweeds have the potential to serve as a renewable energy source and carbon sink; furthermore, seaweeds may play a significant role in climate change mitigation strategies, as shown in Figs.…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Seaweed Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, seaweed may absorb a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the aquatic ecosystem and support a variety of ecological benefits, such as remediation of shore contaminants and habitat for other aquatic organisms (Macreadie et al 2019 ; Duarte et al 2017a ). Yong et al ( 2022 ) recently reported on the potential contribution of seaweed to the newly emerging blue carbon strategy and seaweed's role in mitigating climate change over the long term. The authors reported that seaweed possessed all the necessary characteristics for classification as a blue carbon reservoir with a substantial carbon sink potential, in addition the role of seaweed in climate change mitigation, bio-economy enhancement via fossil fuel substitution, human food, biofuels, renewable biomass, and animal feed.…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Seaweed Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have highlighted seaweed’s capacity as a carbon sink (Yong et al 2022 ; Macreadie et al 2019 ; Moreira and Pires 2016 ; Krause-Jensen and Duarte 2016 ). Krause-Jensen and Duarte ( 2016 ) stated that seaweeds grown in coastal zones are effectively sequestered carbon dioxides from the atmosphere and act as a carbon sink organism in deep oceans and marine sediments.…”

Section: Environmental Benefits Of Seaweed Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review

et al. 2022

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The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless, seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally, seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production. Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products.

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“…Blue carbon has received a global attention and considered as a potential solution to achieve the targets of the Paris Agreement, which is to limit global warming to 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels (Yong et al 2022). Among blue carbon sources, seaweed has recently received a newest interest as a biological ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR).…”

Section: Kelp Aquaculture For Climate Change Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kelps in Korea: from population structure to aquaculture to potential carbon sequestration

Hwang¹,

Boo²,

Graf³

et al. 2022

Algae

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Korea is one of the most advanced countries in kelp aquaculture. The brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina japonica are major aquaculture species and have been principally utilized for human food and abalone feed in Korea. This review discusses the diversity, population structure and genomics of kelps. In addition, we have introduced new cultivar development efforts considering climate change, and potential carbon sequestration of kelp aquaculture in Korea. U. pinnatifida showed high diversity within the natural populations but reduced genetic diversity in cultivars. However, very few studies of S. japonica have been conducted in terms of population structure. Since studies on cultivar development began in early 2000s, five U. pinnatifida and one S. japonica varieties have been registered to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To meet the demands for seaweed biomass in various industries, more cultivars should be developed with specific traits to meet application demands. Additionally, cultivation technologies should be diversified, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and offshore aquaculture, to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. These kelps are anticipated to be important sources of blue carbon in Korea.

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Seaweed: A potential climate change solution

Cited by 56 publications

References 121 publications

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review

Kelps in Korea: from population structure to aquaculture to potential carbon sequestration

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