Seat-Occupancy Detection System and Breathing Rate Monitoring Based on a Low-Cost mm-Wave Radar at 60 GHz

Lázaro, Antonio; Lazaro, Marc; Villarino, R.; Girbau, David

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3105390

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…There is an increasing usage of radars for automobiles, and 77 GHz long range radar is essential for recently manufactured autonomous vehicles with ADAS [ 96 ]. 60 GHz radar is also of interest for multi-functional in-cabin monitoring systems, e.g., child presence detection, gesture detection, and driver vital monitoring [ 97 ]. The composite layer of this film contains 70 wt% SrFe 11.5 Al 0.5 O 19 and SrM with an FMR frequency near 60 GHz.…”

Section: Emi Shielding Films With Multi-band Ultralow Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites

et al. 2023

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Although there is a high demand for absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, most current shielding materials are based on reflection-dominant conductive materials. While there are few absorption-dominant shielding materials proposed with magnetic materials, their working frequencies are usually limited to under 30 GHz. In this study, a novel multi-band absorption-dominant EMI shielding film with M-type strontium ferrites and a conductive grid is proposed. This film shows ultralow EMI reflection of less than 5% in multiple mmWave frequency bands with sub-millimeter thicknesses, while shielding more than 99.9% of EMI. The ultralow reflection frequency bands are controllable by tuning the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of M-type strontium ferrites and composite layer geometries. Two examples of shielding films with ultralow reflection frequencies, one for 39 and 52 GHz 5G telecommunication bands and the other for 60 and 77 GHz autonomous radar bands, are presented. The remarkably low reflectance and thinness of the proposed films provide an important advancement toward the commercialization of EMI shielding materials for 5G mmWave applications.

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Section: Emi Shielding Films With Multi-band Ultralow Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites

et al. 2023

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“…Seat occupancy and breathing rate estimation from the amplitude peaks are proposed in paper [41]. A low-cost pulsed mm-Wave radar operating in the 60 GHz band is used due to license-free bandwidth with high data rates.…”

Section: Ultrasonic and Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passenger Occupancy Estimation in Vehicles: A Review of Current Methods and Research Challenges

et al. 2023

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Passenger detection and occupancy estimation are vital tasks in many fields. The existing literature emphasises that the increasing demand for such systems will continue to grow. This paper reviews the existing literature specializing in the field of transportation safety and efficiency concerning occupancy estimation in vehicles and passenger detection at public transport stations. A comparison between different approaches to passenger estimation is presented. Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages is highlighted. Hence, this paper provides an analysis of 146 papers on the current state of the field. This review paper concludes that invasive methods provide high accuracy with relatively cheap implementation, while noninvasive systems do not violate passenger privacy but lack state-of-the-art accuracy. Future work will include a systematic literature review and a comparative analysis of systems considering the existing window tinting and solar windshields heavily blocking certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, future work will investigate the critical challenges of noninvasive passenger estimation in different types of vehicles: trucks, buses, or even motorcycles.

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“…As well, beamforming imaging radar is applied to cancer diagnoses [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In the automotive industry, the radar function of monitoring respiration and heartbeat applies to occupant detection [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] and driver monitoring system [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Some companies already sell cars with occupancy detection radar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact VITAL Signs Monitoring of a Patient Lying on Surgical Bed Using Beamforming FMCW Radar

Lim¹,

Jang²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Respiration and heartrates are important information for surgery. When the vital signs of the patient lying prone are monitored using radar installed on the back of the surgical bed, the surgeon’s movements reduce the accuracy of these monitored vital signs. This study proposes a method for enhancing the monitored vital sign accuracies of a patient lying on a surgical bed using a 60 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system with beamforming. The vital sign accuracies were enhanced by applying a fast Fourier transform (FFT) for range and beamforming which suppress the noise generated at different ranges and angles from the patient’s position. The experiment was performed for a patient lying on a surgical bed with or without surgeon. Comparing a continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar, the FMCW radar with beamforming improved almost 22 dB of signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) for vital signals. More than 90% accuracy of monitoring respiration and heartrates was achieved even though the surgeon was located next to the patient as an interferer. It was analyzed using a proposed vital signal model included in the radar IF equation.

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Seat-Occupancy Detection System and Breathing Rate Monitoring Based on a Low-Cost mm-Wave Radar at 60 GHz

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites

Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites

Passenger Occupancy Estimation in Vehicles: A Review of Current Methods and Research Challenges

Non-Contact VITAL Signs Monitoring of a Patient Lying on Surgical Bed Using Beamforming FMCW Radar

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