Seasonality in cold coast bluff erosion processes

Roland, Collin J.; Zoet, Lucas K.; Rawling, J. Elmo; Cardiff, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107520

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…At other sites, a similar threshold of 30 mm rainfall within 5 days has been seen to induce erosional activity in soft rock cliffs [93][94][95]. Rainfall or snowmelt can increase pore pressures and cause mass failure in the cliff [35,89]. Contrastingly, a low SPI may indicate the onset of sediment desiccation, which can contribute to erosion when followed by heavy rainfall or wave attack [36,91,96].…”

Section: Driving Factors For Seasonal and Daily Erosion Eventsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In this area, we also observed a large number of suffosion events in winter (9) and early spring (10) when the sediments were frozen to a depth of 50 cm to 1 m (Figure 13). As shown by Roland et al [35], for a bluff on the shores of Lake Michigan subjected to a seasonal frost, the frost can constitute a "dammed" bluff surface, which can lead to an increase in hydraulic pressure and promote erosion of the sand unit during a warm spell. Suffosion was also not negligible for Zone B where the sand unit is also important.…”

Section: Driving Factors For Seasonal and Daily Erosion Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on erosion of cliffs in cold regions have been numerous over the last two decades and have mainly focused on the calculation of historical erosion rates mostly at decadal scales [14,25,[32][33][34]; and less often at annual or seasonal scales [27,35,36]. The quantification of erosion at high temporal resolution rarely exceeds a few years, and in rare cases ten years [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantification of erosion at high temporal resolution rarely exceeds a few years, and in rare cases ten years [30]. Short-term evolution also based on LiDAR data and helicopter, aircraft, or drone photogrammetry allows the quantification of coastline or shoreline retreat and eroded volumes [34,35,[37][38][39]. The studies also focused on the influence of the geomorphology and lithology of the cliffs on the rates and modes of retreat [40,41] and on the different mechanisms and modes of block failures and landslides [12,26,42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Evolution and Monitoring at High Temporal Resolution of a Rapidly Retreating Cliff in a Cold Temperate Climate Affected by Cryogenic Processes, North Shore of the St. Lawrence Gulf, Quebec (Canada)

Bernatchez

Boucher‐Brossard

Corriveau

et al. 2021

JMSE

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This article focuses on the quantification of retreat rates, geomorphological processes, and hydroclimatic and environmental drivers responsible for the erosion of an unconsolidated fine-sediment cliff along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Quebec, Canada). Annual monitoring using field markers over a period of twenty years, coupled with photo interpretation and historical archive analysis, indicates an average annual erosion rate of 2.2 m per year between 1948 and 2017. An acceleration in retreat occurred during the last 70 years, leading to a maximum between 1997 and 2017 (3.4 m per year) and 2000–2020 (3.3 m per year). Daily observations based on six monitoring cameras installed along the cliff between 2008 and 2012 allowed the identification of mechanisms and geomorphological processes responsible for cliff retreat. Data analysis reveals seasonal activity peaks during winter and spring, which account for 75% of total erosional events. On an annual basis, cryogenic processes represent 68% of the erosion events observed and subaerial and hydrogeological processes account for 73%. Small-scale processes, such as gelifraction, solifluction, suffosion, debris collapse, and thermoabrasion, as well as mass movement events, such as slides and mudflows, induced rapid cliff retreat. Lithostratigraphy and cliff height exert an important control on erosion rates and retreat modes, which are described by three main drivers (hydrogeologic, cryogenic, and hydrodynamic processes). Critical conditions promoting high erosion rates include the absence of an ice-foot in winter, the absence of snow cover on the cliff face allowing unrestricted solar radiation, the repetition of winter warm spells, snow melting and sediment thawing, and high rainfall conditions (>30 mm or SPI > 2). The relationships between hydroclimatic forcing and retreat rates are difficult to establish without taking into account the quantification of the geomorphological processes involved. The absence of quantitative data on the relative contribution of geomorphological processes can constitute a major obstacle in modeling the retreat of cliffs with regard to climate change.

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Section: Driving Factors For Seasonal and Daily Erosion Eventsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Driving Factors For Seasonal and Daily Erosion Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long-Term Evolution and Monitoring at High Temporal Resolution of a Rapidly Retreating Cliff in a Cold Temperate Climate Affected by Cryogenic Processes, North Shore of the St. Lawrence Gulf, Quebec (Canada)

Bernatchez

Boucher‐Brossard

Corriveau

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…Freeze-thaw cycles can substantially decrease erosional resistance of a shore ( Lawler, 1993 ; Gatto, 1995 ; Wynn, Henderson & Vaughan, 2008 ; Pizzuto, 2009 ). Frost weathering is an important process promoting shore recession ( Lawler, Thorne & Hooke, 1997 ), and under specific conditions, itself affecting the magnitude of cliff retreat ( Kaczmarek et al, 2019 ; Roland et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and predicted freeze-thaw days frequencies in climate change conditions in central Poland

Bartczak

Kaczmarek

Badocha

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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The rate of progression of geomorphological phenomena is greatly influenced by freeze-thaw processes. In the face of air temperature increasing over the past few decades, a question of the future impact of these processes arises, notably in the temperate and cold climate zones. Using the mean, maximum and minimum daily air temperature data in the period 1951–2018 obtained from three weather stations located in the vicinity of Jeziorsko reservoir (central Poland), we have determined the mathematical correlation, described with a polynomial function, between the mean monthly air temperature and the monthly number of freeze-thaw days (FTD). A freeze-thaw day is a day when the maximum air temperature is above 0 °C while the minimum air temperature equals or is below this threshold. The number of FTDs within the study area averaged 64–71 and demonstrated a downward trend of 2–4 FTDs/10 years. The study period (1951–2018), includes a clearly marked distinct sub-period (1991–2018), when the reservoir was in operation, which experienced 58–68 FTDs. Considering the assumed rise in temperature, one should expect a further, though slightly slower, decline in the future number of FTDs. Depending on the accepted model of the temperature increase, which for the area of Poland (Central Europe) in the perspective of 30 years oscillates between +1.1 to +1.3 °C, the number of FTDs within the study area is expected to decline by −4.5 to −5.3 FTD, i.e. 6–7% and 5.4–5.5 FTD i.e. 8–9% respectively.

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The Potential for Valorisation of Archaeo-geosites Through Climate Change: Exploratory Study of the Nora Site (Sardinia, Italy)

Mariani

Melis

2022

Geoheritage

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Seasonality in cold coast bluff erosion processes

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Long-Term Evolution and Monitoring at High Temporal Resolution of a Rapidly Retreating Cliff in a Cold Temperate Climate Affected by Cryogenic Processes, North Shore of the St. Lawrence Gulf, Quebec (Canada)

Long-Term Evolution and Monitoring at High Temporal Resolution of a Rapidly Retreating Cliff in a Cold Temperate Climate Affected by Cryogenic Processes, North Shore of the St. Lawrence Gulf, Quebec (Canada)

Measured and predicted freeze-thaw days frequencies in climate change conditions in central Poland

The Potential for Valorisation of Archaeo-geosites Through Climate Change: Exploratory Study of the Nora Site (Sardinia, Italy)

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