Shore zones are transition areas (ecotones) between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Their function in the environment is crucial because they serve as buffer zones that capture pollutants and slow down erosion of reservoir and watercourse banks provided that they are managed properly. Research on a shore zone was conducted at the Mściwojów retention reservoir with an innovative water self-purification system. After several years of its operation, an increased phosphate concentration in the main part of the reservoir was reported. The mapping of the terrain's surface and modeling of hydrological processes in the direct catchment area of the said reservoir were done using the digital elevation model (DEM). The DEM was created from LiDAR data obtained in 2012 by airborne laser scanning. Analyses of the surface runoff led to identification of surface runoff transport pathways, along which the eroded material from cultivated fields is discharged directly to the reservoir. Surface runoff transport pathways gather the eroded material from a maximum area of 45,000 m(2) in the western part of the direct catchment and 40,000 m(2) in the eastern part of it. Due to the reservoir management negligence, the riparian zone designed for the Mściwojów Reservoir no longer exists. The percentage of the natural shore that undergoes erosion processes is over 54. The said processes and fluctuations of the water level in the reservoir, as well as degradation of the shore zone caused by human activity, bring about limited plant development in the littoral zone, which in turn lowers the reservoir's resistance to degradation.
In this work we present the complicated situation of a faunistically and floristically valuable ecosystem of the Rakutowskie Lake wetlands complex, which is part of the Special Protection Area for Birds of “Błota Rakutowskie” (PLB40001) and “Błota Kłócieńskie” Habitats Directive Sites (PLH040031) included in the Natura 2000 network. Numerous ornithological observations have drawn our attention to the problem of rapidly progressing overgrowth of the lake and significant fluctuations in its water surface area. These fluctuations, especially in the spring period, significantly limit safe reproduction possibilities of very rare species of water–marsh birds. A multidirectional and comprehensive spectrum of research works allowed us to determine the genesis of the ecosystem and show that the shallow lake is undergoing the final stage in its evolution. The economic aspect of human activity (changes in land use and land development works) has contributed to serious degradation of the ecosystem. Climate changes observed in recent years (increased air temperature and, consequently, higher evaporation) additionally deepen and accelerate this process. The research made it possible to determine how the ecosystem functions today, but it is also an attempt to determine our predictions about its future.
This article presents results of our 40-year research on dynamics of a deep rotational landslide developed in clay deposits. The landslide is located in a lowland, within the shoreline of Włocławek Reservoir, with little water level variation, in Dobrzyń on the Vistula (northern Poland). It is an old landslide, which was active also before the construction of the reservoir. Our research was initiated in 1970, i.e. when the river Vistula was dammed there. Currently the landslide covers about 20,000 m 2 and has a volume of about 160,000 m 3 . During the 40 years, 3 periods of increased landslide activity were observed. The first, conspicuously, nearly 40 % increase in the rate of movements within the Central Landslide was initiated in the early 1970s and lasted till the early 1980s. It coincided with the initial filling of the reservoir and the first years of exploitation of Włocławek Reservoir. The increase in landslide dynamics was a direct effect of hydrological and morphological changes associated with the damming of the river. The next 2 periods of increased landslide activity occurred: in 2001/2002 and 2010/2011. The latter was the most spectacular displacement within the Central Landslide. It was recorded between December 2010 and February 2011, and reached 10.0-19.4 m, after unusually long-lasting, heavy rainfall in the summer and autumn of 2010, followed by snowmelt and unfavourable changes in air temperature. Since March 2011, no movements within the landslide have been recorded.
Zarys treści. W artykule autorzy prezentują wyniki badań dynamiki oraz prawdopodobne przyczyny ponadprzeciętnej aktywizacji w 2011 r. osuwiska centralnego w Dobrzyniu nad Wisłą, rozwijającego się w obrębie strefy brzegowej zbiornika włocławskiego, na tle ponad 40-letnich, własnych badań tej formy. Jest to unikalny przykład długookresowych badań rozwoju ruchów masowych w strefie brzegowej sztucznego zbiornika wodnego.Słowa kluczowe: osuwisko, geozagrożenia, monitoring ruchów masowych, zbiornik włocławski, Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, osuwisko centralne.
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