Seasonal Vegetative Growth in Genotypes of Coffea canephora, as Related to Climatic Factors

Abstract

Knowledge about the seasonality of different genotypes of Coffea canephora is an important tool for this crop management, particularly with regard to irrigation and fertilisation issues. This study was conducted in Espírito Santo, Brazil and aimed at to evaluate the seasonal vegetative growth in genotypes of C. canephora, as related to climatic factors, based on the growth of groups of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches with different ages. Three groups of plagiotropic branches and one group of orthotropic branches of 14 genotypes (Ipiranga and 13 that belonged to the variety Vitória) were selected and marked to followed along the one-year experiment. Three-year-old plants were cultivated under full-sun conditions, with a spacing of 3 m between rows and 1 m between plants. The growth rates of the orthotropic and plagiotropic branches differed among the genotypes and underwent seasonal variation during the entire year, with high correlations to the air temperature. Under the natural experimental conditions, the growth rate of the branches decreased when the minimum air temperatures were below 17.2ºC for most of the genotypes studied. The plagiotropic branches presented lower vegetative growth, mainly for the coffee berries, compared to the younger branches. Presumably, the genotypes of C. canephora demanded more nutrients for growth between mid-September and the second week of May.

Distribuição do sistema radicular de cafeeiro conilon irrigado e não irrigado

“…O cultivo do cafeeiro conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) tem-se expandido para áreas onde a deficiência hídrica é o principal fator limitante ao crescimento e à produção (Silva et al, 2010;Araujo et al, 2011;Partelli et al, 2013), o que torna necessário realizá-lo predominantemente sob irrigação. Segundo DaMatta & Ramalho (2006), em diversos países produtores de café, o deficit hídrico é considerado o principal estresse ambiental capaz de afetar o desenvolvimento e a produção do cafeeiro.…”

Dry matter and macronutrient accumulation in fruits of Conilon coffee with different ripening cycles

“…In addition, the period of fruit formation coincides with the period of higher vegetative growth, i.e., when there is increased requirement for nutrients, which is from September to May in the State of Espírito Santo (Partelli et al, 2010(Partelli et al, , 2013. Thus, knowledge of the dynamics of fruit formation is important for recognition of periods of increased nutritional demands and definition of the best strategies for crop fertilization.…”

<b>Vegetative growth of Conilon coffee plants under two water conditions in the Atlantic region of Bahia State, Brazil

“…Temperatures below 13ºC and accentuated water deficits affect diverse components of the photosynthetic process because they reduce stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, the efficiency of the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane, enzymatic activity and carbon metabolism, in addition to modifying the composition and structure of the photosynthetic pigment complexes, lipids and fatty acids, with different intensities recorded for different genotypes and species (Batista-Santos et al, 2011;Ferreira, Partelli, Didonet, Marra, & Braun, 2013;Partelli, Marré, Falqueto, Vieira, & Cavatti, 2013;Scotti-Campos, Pais, Partelli, Batista-Santos, & Ramalho, 2014). On the other hand, high air temperatures may cause the denaturation and aggregation of proteins as well as an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (DaMatta & Ramalho, 2006), ethylene synthesis and evaporative demand, which may result in stomatal closing and a reduction in the supply of CO 2 , which consequently reduces net photosynthesis (Vara Prasad, Allen Júnior, & Boote, 2005) and the production of coffee beans (Craparo, Asten, Laderach, Jassogne, & Grab, 2015;Ovalle-Rivera, Laderach, Bunn, Obersteiner, & Schroth, 2015).…”