“…The ratios between these two channels are used to derive the Fe temperature in the MLT region by employing the Boltzmann technique [Gelbwachs, 1994;Chu et al, 2002]. Over the last decade, this lidar has been deployed to the Pacific Ocean, the North Pole, the South Pole, and Rothera, Antarctica, under harsh environment [Chu et al, 2000;Gardner et al, 2001Gardner et al, , 2005Gardner et al, , 2011], so we must refurbish and upgrade the lidar to restore and enhance its capabilities before deploying it to McMurdo, Antarctica, in November 2010 [Chu et al, 2011a]. Such refurbishment and upgrade along with extensive sky tests were conducted at the University of Colorado [Z. , which led to the Boulder observations in 2010.…”