Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite

Gumbel, J.; Fan, Zhongyu; Waldemarsson, T.; Stegman, J.; Witt, G.; Llewellyn, E. J.; She, C. Y.; Plane, J. M. C.

doi:10.1029/2006gl028687

Cited by 34 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This paper demonstrates the ability of our new algorithm (Gumbel et al, 2007), based on optimal estimation theory (Rodgers, 2000), to retrieve absolute Na density profiles from limb-scanning measurements of the Na D-line radiance at 589 nm in the dayglow. These global measurements provide a very useful complement to ground-based lidar observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method has been validated by comparing Na profiles, retrieved from the OSIRIS spectrometer on the Odin satellite, with profiles measured during overflights of the Na lidar at Ft. Collins, Colorado. The details of the methodology and error characterization are contained in our earlier paper (Gumbel et al, 2007). OSIRIS measures irradiance in the limb at wavelengths between 280 and 800 nm, with a resolution of ∼1 nm (Llewellyn et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently developed a new method (Gumbel et al, 2007) using optimal estimation theory (Rodgers, 2000) to retrieve the absolute mesospheric Na density profile from limb-scanning satellite observations of the Na D-lines in the dayglow. The method has been validated by comparing Na profiles, retrieved from the OSIRIS spectrometer on the Odin satellite, with profiles measured during overflights of the Na lidar at Ft. Collins, Colorado.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Optimal estimation theory is used to retrieve the absolute Na density profiles in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere from limb-scanning measurements of the Na radiance at 589 nm in the dayglow. Two years of observations (2003 and 2004), recorded by the OSIRIS spectrometer on the Odin satellite, have been analysed to yield the seasonal and latitudinal variation of the Na layer column abundance, peak height, and peak width. The layer shows little seasonal variation at low latitudes, but the winter/summer ratio increases from a factor of ∼3 at mid-latitudes to ∼10 in the polar regions. Comparison of the measurements made at about 06:00 and 18:00 LT shows little diurnal variation in the layer, apart from the equatorial region where, during the equinoxes, there is a two-fold increase in Na density below 94 km between morning and evening. This is most likely caused by the strong downward wind produced by the diurnal tide between ∼02:00 and 10:00 LT. The dramatic removal of Na below 85 km at latitudes above 50 • during summer is explained by the uptake of sodium species on the ice surfaces of polar mesospheric clouds, which were simultaneously observed by the Odin satellite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

et al. 2007

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“…Different correction methods for Na retrievals with OSIRIS are reported by Gumbel et al (2007) and Hedin and Gumbel (2011). In Hedin and Gumbel (2011) the background signal for the limb scan at 40 km tangent altitude is compared to a single scattering radiative transfer model considering Rayleigh scattering only.…”

Section: Extension For Multiple Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of sodium number density profiles in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere from SCIAMACHY limb emission measurements

Langowski¹,

Savigny²,

Burrows³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. An algorithm has been developed for the retrieval of sodium atom (Na) number density on a latitude and altitude grid from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) limb measurements of the Na resonance fluorescence. The results are obtained between 50 and 150 km altitude and the resulting global seasonal variations of Na are analyzed. The retrieval approach is adapted from that used for the retrieval of magnesium atom (Mg) and magnesium ion (Mg + ) number density profiles recently reported by Langowski et al. (2014). Monthly mean values of Na are presented as a function of altitude and latitude. This data set was retrieved from the 4 years of spectroscopic limb data of the SCIAMACHY mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) measurement mode (mid-2008 to early 2012).The Na layer has a nearly constant peak altitude of 90-93 km for all latitudes and seasons, and has a full width at half maximum of 5-15 km. Small but significant seasonal variations in Na are identified for latitudes less than 40 • , where the maximum Na number densities are 3000-4000 atoms cm −3 . At middle to high latitudes a clear seasonal variation with a winter maximum of up to 6000 atoms cm −3 is observed. The high latitudes, which are only measured in the summer hemisphere, have lower number densities, with peak densities being approximately 1000 Na atoms cm −3 . The full width at half maximum of the peak varies strongly at high latitudes and is 5 km near the polar summer mesopause, while it exceeds 10 km at lower latitudes. In summer the Na atom concentration at high latitudes and at altitudes below 88 km is significantly smaller than that at middle latitudes. The results are compared with other observations and models and there is overall a good agreement with these.

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“…Future GOMOS studies will use also the bright limb emission of the Na doublet, in a fashion similar to the ODIN/OSIRIS bright limb observations (Gumbel et al, 2007). 7.14 Scintillations and the study of air density irregularities: internal gravity waves and turbulence…”

Section: Detection and Climatology Of The Natural Sodium Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars: an overview of GOMOS measurements on ENVISAT

et al. 2010

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Abstract. GOMOS on ENVISAT (launched in February, 2002) is the first space instrument dedicated to the study of the atmosphere of the Earth by the technique of stellar occultations (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars). Its polar orbit makes good latitude coverage possible. Because it is self-calibrating, it is particularly well adapted to long time trend monitoring of stratospheric species. With 4 spectrometers, the wavelength coverage of 248 nm to 942 nm enables monitoring ozone, H 2 O, NO 2 , NO 3 , air density, aerosol extinction, and O 2 . Two additional fast photometers (with 1 kHz sampling rate) enable the correction of the effects of scintillations, as well as the study of the structure of air density irregularities resulting from gravity waves and turbulence. A high vertical resolution profile of the temperature may also be obtained from the time delay between the red and the blue photometer. Noctilucent clouds (Polar Mesospheric Clouds, PMC) are routinely observed in both polar summers and global observations of OClO and sodium are achieved.The instrument configuration, dictated by the scientific objectives' rationale and technical constraints, is described, together with the typical operations along one orbit, along with the statistics from over 6 years of operation. Typical atmospheric transmission spectra are presented and some retrieval difficulties are discussed, in particular for O 2 and H 2 O.Correspondence to: J. L. Bertaux (bertaux@latmos.ipsl.fr) An overview is presented of a number of scientific results already published or found in more detail as companion papers in the same ACP GOMOS special issue. This paper is particularly intended to provide an incentive for the exploitation of GOMOS data available to the whole scientific community in the ESA data archive, and to help GOMOS data users to better understand the instrument, its capabilities and the quality of its measurements, thus leading to an increase in the scientific return.

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Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

Retrieval of sodium number density profiles in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere from SCIAMACHY limb emission measurements

Global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars: an overview of GOMOS measurements on ENVISAT

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