Seasonal Variations of Lead and Chromium Concentrations in the Water Samples From Yamuna River in Delhi, India

Abstract

Background: According to Hindu mythology, Yamuna River plays an impotent role as a holy water resource in Delhi, India. The lead and chromium concentrations were determined from the water samples collected from five different locations around this river in Delhi area. The contaminated water from this river is mostly used for drinking, agriculture, aquaculture, and storage as a holy water. Methods: The seasonal variations of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples collected from Yamuna river were determined for the summer, monsoon and winter supplies, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: In the summer water samples, we found greater concentrations of both heavy metals than those for the monsoon season. The concentrations of lead and chromium in the water samples were higher than the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The water quality was not safe for drinking, cleaning and agriculture, nor for the aquatic animals, such as fish, amphibians and others. Conclusion: The condition of the water in Yamuna river is of great health concerns. Therefore, it is vital to take necessary actions to decontaminate the water from this river, and to draw effective strategies to minimize or prevent the current and future contaminations added to this important water resource in India.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms

“…Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105075 who live near the Mara River Basin use that spring water for the purpose of animal and agricultural purposes [21]. The water carrying capacity has decreased with the rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization.…”

“…When these heavy metals get bioaccumulated, they become a threat to both the human population and animals who uses that water [18]. Modeling of risk assessment is divided into four stages, i.e., Permissible limit of heavy metal ions in water [21].…”

Decision-Making Software-Integrated Ultrafast Detection of Lead in Surface Water Using a Chemo-Nano Sensing Device

“…Mercury, nickel, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, and zinc are the most commonly present heavy metals in the environment. Among all these metal ions, lead is considered one of the most toxic heavy metals in terms of occurrence and can cause minor to major health complications. − Exposure to lead for extended periods results in headaches, kidney problems, cardiovascular disorders, abdominal problems, and nervous problems in adults and children. − WHO recommends that the concentration of Pb in drinking water is 10 ppb (0.048 μM); however, the strict limit is proposed as 50 ppb (0.248 μM). − Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, graphite furnace absorption spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are the most conventional methods to detect lead in water samples. , However, these methods require derivatization, longer sample processing times, high-end instrumentations, and trained personnel. There are also several challenges to tracing the proposed limit, including higher costs, on-site monitoring, etc., since these methods have no miniaturization ability.…”

Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in the Yellow River Sediments of Henan Section

“…The content and species of HMs affect the composition and diversity of sedimentary microbial communities in rivers [ 8 ]. The ways HMs harm bacteria are diverse, such as disrupting cell wall integrity and interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis, leading to a change in dominant bacteria.…”