Seasonal Variations of Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor and Energy Fluxes in Tropical Indian Mangroves

Rodda, Suraj Reddy; Thumaty, Kiran Chand; Jha, Chandra Shekhar; Dadhwal, V. K.

doi:10.3390/f7020035

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…During March to May, energy partitioning into latent and sensible heat flux was almost same, whereas energy partitioning into latent heat flux was much higher than sensible heat flux from June to November at all study sites. The latent heat flux was higher than sensible heat flux during the growing season in all the study sites similar to those reported in several previous studies (Liu et al 2008;Sun et al 2010;Rodda et al 2016;Wagle et al 2016). This is because during the growing season, as rainfall wets the ground surface, latent heat flux increases (Liu et al 2008).…”

Section: Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics Of Energy Fluxessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The positive fluxes of NEE represent the loss of CO 2 to the atmosphere (source), whereas negative values indicate net sequestration by the ecosystem (sink). ER represents the net release of CO 2 from the ecosystem to the atmosphere, and GPP represents the net sequestration (sink) by the ecosystem (Rodda et al 2016).…”

Section: Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics Of Neementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. The increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 due to natural and anthropogenic activities is responsible for the warming of the climate, also termed as "global warming" (Rodda et al 2016). The atmospheric concentration of CO 2 has been continuously increasing globally, rising about 48% from a pre-industrial time to present, i.e., 278 ppm in 1750 to 411 ppm in May 2019 (Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes over three land cover types of Nepal

Joshi

et al. 2019

Theor Appl Climatol

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This study examines the seasonal and diurnal variations of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes over three land cover types of Nepal by using the eddy covariance method from March to November 2016. The surface energy balance closures were moderate with the values of about 56%, 61%, and 64% closure at Kirtipur, Simara, and Tarahara sites respectively. The monthly average values of net radiation flux and latent heat flux peaked in August at Kirtipur and Tarahara sites whereas in June at the Simara site respectively. The maximum monthly average measured sensible heat flux was 37 W m −2 , 43.6 W m −2 , and 36.3 W m −2 in April for all the sites whereas soil heat flux was 5.1 W m −2 and 2.9 W m −2 in April for Kirtipur and Simara sites and 6.2 W m −2 in June for the Tarahara site. The magnitude of diurnal peak of net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) reached up to 11.04 μmol m −2 s −1 at Kirtipur, 15.04 μmol m −2 s −1 at Simara, and 10.44 μmol m −2 s −1 at Tarahara sites respectively. Among the three study sites, the ecosystem at the Kirtipur site was a good carbon source; the ecosystems at Simara and Tarahara sites were low and good carbon sink in the growing season. In addition, all three different land cover ecosystem were carbon source when accounted for the measurement period.

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Section: Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics Of Energy Fluxessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics Of Neementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes over three land cover types of Nepal

Joshi

et al. 2019

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…[16]. According to Donato et al [17] and Rodda et al [18], mangroves are the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Despite their small spatial extent, mangroves are considered as an important resource around the world due to their ability to store and sequester carbon, compared to many freshwater wetlands [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Long-Term Changes in Mangrove Species Composition and Distribution in the Sundarbans

Ghosh

Kumar

Roy

2016

Forests

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Abstract:The Sundarbans mangrove forest is an important resource for the people of the Ganges Delta. It plays an important role in the local as well as global ecosystem by absorbing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from air and water, offering protection to millions of people in the Ganges Delta against cyclone and water surges, stabilizing the shore line, trapping sediment and nutrients, purifying water, and providing services for human beings, such as fuel wood, medicine, food, and construction materials. However, this mangrove ecosystem is under threat, mainly due to climate change and anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic and climate change-induced degradation, such as over-exploitation of timber and pollution, sea level rise, coastal erosion, increasing salinity, effects of increasing number of cyclones and higher levels of storm surges function as recurrent threats to mangroves in the Sundarbans. In this situation, regular and detailed information on mangrove species composition, their spatial distribution and the changes taking place over time is very important for a thorough understanding of mangrove biodiversity, and this information can also lead to the adoption of management practices designed for the maximum sustainable yield of the Sundarbans forest resources. We employed a maximum likelihood classifier technique to classify images recorded by the Landsat satellite series and used post classification comparison techniques to detect changes at the species level. The image classification resulted in overall accuracies of 72%, 83%, 79% and 89% for the images of 1977, 1989, 2000 and 2015, respectively. We identified five major mangrove species and detected changes over the 38-year (1977-2015) study period. During this period, both Heritiera fomes and Excoecaria agallocha decreased by 9.9%, while Ceriops decandra, Sonneratia apelatala, and Xylocarpus mekongensis increased by 12.9%, 380.4% and 57.3%, respectively.

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“…The eddy covariance (EC) method is widely used to observe CO 2 flux because it can directly measure the CO 2 flux over defined areas [4,5]. The micro-meteorological technology of the EC has the advantage of monitoring the average flux of the entire upwind area, with a length scale of about 10-1000 times the measured height [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Flux Characteristics of Different Plant Communities in a Subtropical Urban Ecosystem

Zhang

Gong

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Shanghai, China, is a city that is relatively representative of various cities in China due to its geographical location and socio-economic dynamics. The role of urban vegetation in the carbon cycle of urban developments in these types of cities is now being studied. We focus on identifying which urban plant community types have a greater influence on CO2 flux in cities, thus providing a scientific basis for low-carbon urban greening. Based on the eddy covariance (EC) observation system, ART Footprint Tool, plant inventory, and ecological community classification, we show that the CO2 flux characteristics of different plant communities vary temporally. The carbon sink duration during summer was the longest (up to 10 h) and the carbon sink duration was the shortest during winter (7.5 h). In addition, we discovered that the CO2 flux contribution rates of different plant community types are distinct. The annual average CO2 contribution rates of the Cinnamomum camphora-Trachycarpus fortunei community and the Metasequoia glyptostroboides+Sabina chinensis community are 11.88% and 0.93%, respectively. The CO2 flux contribution rate of the same plant community differs according to season. The CO2 contribution rate of the Cinnamomum camphora-Trachycarpus fortunei community exhibits local maxima during winter and summer, with a maximum difference of 11.16%. In contrast, the Metasequoia glyptostroboides+Sabina chinensis community has a CO2 contribution rate of 0.35% during the same period. In general, summer is the season with the lowest CO2 flux contribution rate of plant communities, and winter is the season with the highest CO2 flux contribution rate. However, the Cinnamomum camphora+Salix babylonica community and the Cinnamomum camphora+Sabina chinensis community present the opposite pattern. Finally, the diurnal variation characteristics of CO2 flux in different communities have the same trend, but the peak values differ significantly. Overall, daily CO2 flux peak value of the Metasequoia glyptostroboides community and the Cinnamomum camphora-Trachycarpus fortunei community indicate that these two plant communities exhibit a strong capacity for CO2 absorption in the study area. According to these research results, urban greening efforts in subtropical climates can increase the green space covered by the Cinnamomum camphora-Trachycarpus fortunei and the Metasequoia glyptostroboides community types when urban greening, so as to appropriately reduce the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere.

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Seasonal Variations of Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor and Energy Fluxes in Tropical Indian Mangroves

Abstract: Abstract:We present annual estimates of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) accumulated over one annual cycle

Cited by 71 publications

References 45 publications

Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes over three land cover types of Nepal

Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbon dioxide and energy fluxes over three land cover types of Nepal

Mapping Long-Term Changes in Mangrove Species Composition and Distribution in the Sundarbans

CO2 Flux Characteristics of Different Plant Communities in a Subtropical Urban Ecosystem

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