Seasonal Variations in Energy Sources and Biosynthesis of Terpenes in Maritime Pine

Bernard-Dagan, C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3828-7_5

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Temperature alters O. minus growth relative to mycangial fungi (Klepzig et al 2001a) and alters the growth of Tarsonemus populations relative to the development of beetles on which they depend (Lombardero et al 2003). Similarly, the mutualism between O. minus and Tarsonemus could be inßuenced by differential responses to temperature, seasonal changes in tree physiology and phloem chemistry (Cook et al 1986, Bernard-Dagan 1988, or seasonal changes in beetle physiology, survival, and behavior (Heddon andBillings 1979, Coppedge et al 1994). Additionally, other insects associated with D. frontalis may introduce and alter the relative abundance of fungi within beetle-infested trees (Klepzig et al 2001b, Hofstetter, 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Seasonal Dynamics of Mites and Fungi and Their Interaction with Southern Pine Beetle

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Seasonal Dynamics of Mites and Fungi and Their Interaction with Southern Pine Beetle

et al. 2006

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“…The stability of the storage pool suggests that the monoterpene storages are filled during the very first weeks or months after 10 leaf emergence (Bernard-Dagan, 1988;Schönwitz et al, 1990). This is logical when considering that one of the main reasons for storing monoterpenes in needles is their protection from herbivory (Langenheim, 1994;Litvak and Monson, 1998;Loreto et al, 2000a), and the youngest needles are particularly susceptible to many insects feeding on the fresh, sugar-rich tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term dynamics of monoterpene synthase activities, monoterpene storage pools and emissions in boreal Scots pine

Vanhatalo¹,

Ghirardo²,

Juurola³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Seasonal variations in monoterpene emissions from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are well documented, and emissions are often shown to follow the incident temperatures due to effects on compound volatility. Recent studies have indicated a link between monoterpene emissions and physiological drivers such as photosynthetic capacity during needle 15 development. The complex interplay between the dynamic changes in the biosynthetic capacity to produce monoterpenes and the temperature-dependent evaporation process of volatiles from internal storage reservoirs has not yet been studied under field conditions. Here, we analysed the relationships between needle monoterpene synthase activities, endogenous monoterpene storage pools and monoterpene emissions of needles in two consecutive years at a boreal forest site in Finland. 20The results showed changes in the monoterpene synthase activity of needles, linked to seasonality and needle ontogenesis, while the pool of stored monoterpenes (about 0.5% of dry weight) did not change considerably as a function of needle aging.Monoterpene emissions did not correlate directly with enzyme activity or the storage pool size. We observed notably high plant-to-plant variation in the biosynthesis rates of individual monoterpenes, which did not reflect the storage compound mixture. The enzyme activity producing δ-3-carene was only present in the first months after needle flushing, and decreased 25 with needle age, whereas δ-3-carene was abundant in the endogenous monoterpene pool and dominated the needle emissions.This study emphasizes the seasonal, developmental and intraspecific variability of monoterpene biosynthesis and storage, and calls for more in-depth analyses to reveal how such complex interaction affects monoterpene emissions from pine needles in boreal forests. 30Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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“…Gershenzon and Croteau (1991) suggest that, at least in mature needles, the lack of induction is due to the existence of developmental constraints on terpenoid synthesis. Previous reports in the literature have shown terpene synthesis to be restricted to specialized cells that are active only in early developmental phases (Fahn 1979;Bernard-Dagan et al 1982;Bernard-Dagan 1988). Alternatively, depletion of starch reserves during defoliation (Piene 1980;Ericsson et al 1985) may decrease the potential for the induced synthesis of carbon-based secondary compounds in needles (Bryant et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Patterns of induced and constitutive monoterpene production in conifer needles in relation to insect herbivory

1998

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Studies were conducted to determine whether herbivore-induced synthesis of monoterpenes occurs in the needles of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson), lodgepole pine (P. contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann), white fir (Abies concolor Lindl. and Gordon) and Engelmann spruce [Picea engelmanii (Parry) Engelm.]. In the needles of all species except Engelmann spruce, simulated herbivory significantly induced the activity of monoterpene cyclases 4-8 days after wounding. In ponderosa pine, real herbivory by last-instar tiger moth larvae (Halisdota ingens Hy. Edwards: Lepidoptera) induced a significantly larger response (4.5-fold increase in monoterpene cyclase activity) than did simulated herbivory (2.5-fold increase). To our knowledge, this is the first report of herbivore-induced increases in monoterpene synthesis in needle tissue. Despite this increase in monoterpene synthesis, we observed no significant increase in total monoterpene pool size in wounded needles compared to controls. Large increases in the rate of monoterpene volatilization were observed in response to wounding. We conclude that the volatile losses caused by tissue damage compensate for herbivore-induced monoterpene synthesis, resulting in no change in pool size. Tiger moth larvae consume ponderosa pine needles in a pattern that begins at the tip and proceeds downward to midway along the needle, at which point they move to an undamaged needle. Constitutive monoterpene concentrations and monoterpene cyclase activities were highest in the lower half of ponderosa pine needles. The monoterpene profile also differed between the upper and lower needle halves, the lower half possessing an additional one to four monoterpene forms. We propose that the increasing gradient in monoterpene concentrations and number of monoterpenes along the needle from tip to base deters feeding beyond the midway point and provides time for the induction of increased cyclase activity and production of new monoterpenes. The induction of new monoterpene synthesis may have a role in replacing monoterpenes lost through damage-induced volatilization and preventing extreme compromise of the constitutive defense system.

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Seasonal Variations in Energy Sources and Biosynthesis of Terpenes in Maritime Pine

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Seasonal Dynamics of Mites and Fungi and Their Interaction with Southern Pine Beetle

Seasonal Dynamics of Mites and Fungi and Their Interaction with Southern Pine Beetle

Long-term dynamics of monoterpene synthase activities, monoterpene storage pools and emissions in boreal Scots pine

Patterns of induced and constitutive monoterpene production in conifer needles in relation to insect herbivory

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