Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait

Wang, Yan; Xu, Tengfei; Li, Shujiang; Susanto, R. Dwi; Agustiadi, Teguh; Trenggono, Mukti; Tan, Wei; Wei, Zexun

doi:10.1007/s13131-018-1224-2

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The flow shows similar directions at different depths, with daily mean velocities up to 150 cm/s at the surface and decreasing to approximately 20 cm/s at the bottom. The currents in the Gaspar and Karimata straits basically show barotropic‐dominated signatures and are attenuated by the strong bottom friction (Y. Wang et al., 2019). In addition, there are still southward/northward flow while the northwesterly/southeasterly winds diminish, implying that the sea surface slope is another driving force of the throughflow in the Gaspar and Karimata straits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Water Exchange Between the South China Sea and Java Sea Through Karimata Strait

Wei

Susanto

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed Water Exchange Between the South China Sea and Java Sea Through Karimata Strait

Wei

Susanto

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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“…Such a subsurface pattern is attributable to the southward transport from the SCS to the Java Sea, which brings slightly higher DIC and TAlk waters. Indeed, this reversal in transport was clearly seen during the southeast monsoon but disappeared during the northwest monsoon when only southward transport occurs (Fang et al, ; Susanto et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wei et al, ). Such southward transport is generated by the wind stress persistently toward the southeast, resulting in a downward sea surface slope from the SCS to the Java Sea allowing water to flow from the surface to depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From March to May and from September to November are the transitional periods (Aldrian & Susanto, ). During the northwest monsoon, low salinity, warm water flows from the SCS into the Java Sea via the Karimata Strait (Figures a and a, Fang et al, ; Susanto et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wei et al, ). Water transport through this strait is southward at 2.7 ± 1.1 Sv (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) during the northwest monsoon (magenta pathway‐Figure b) and 1.2 ± 0.6 Sv during the southeast monsoon/boreal summer (blue pathway‐Figure b) (Fang et al, ; Susanto et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the Karimata Strait, the upper water layer flows towards the SCS while the lower layer current remains flowing south into the Sunda Strait (Figure c). As a consequence, the SCS‐Indonesian Seas Transport Exchange flow is lower during the southeast monsoon compared to the northwest monsoon (Susanto et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wei et al, ). Transport across the Sunda Strait during the southeast monsoon/boreal summer (blue pathway—Figure b) ranges from 0.7 to 0.83 ± 0.20 Sv (Putri, ; Susanto et al, ), and is 0.24 ± 0.10 Sv during the northwest monsoon/boreal winter (magenta pathway—Figure b; Susanto et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of the Carbonate System in the Western Indonesian Seas During the Southeast Monsoon

et al. 2020

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We present a unique water column data set of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk) from a cruise to the western Indonesian Seas during the southeast monsoon, covering the Karimata Strait, western Java Sea, and Sunda Strait. Salinity-normalized TAlk (NTAlk) in the surface water ranged 2,297-2,348 μmol kg −1 , very close to typical values observed in the tropical ocean. In the Karimata Strait, the Kapuas River plume was observed, featuring low salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In the western Java Sea, where waters were well mixed, we observed relatively homogeneous distributions of salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In the Sunda Strait, waters intruding from the Java Sea occupied the upper layer, and below was the Indian Ocean water with lower values of salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In its deep portion, depth profiles of normalized DIC and NTAlk were very similar to those observed in the Indian Ocean. Physical processes and air-sea gas exchange exerted predominant controls on the carbonate system in the Karimata Strait and western Java Sea. While both processes play large roles in the Sunda Strait, a net DIC removal of 31 ± 23 μmol kg −1 in the surface mixed layer were revealed. The drawdown of DIC is consistent with an overall supersaturation of dissolved oxygen (102-107%), suggesting significant organic carbon production. In the subsurface-intermediate waters of the Sunda Strait mainly influenced by the advection of Indian Ocean water, a net DIC consumption of 54 ± 45 μmol kg −1 was distinct, likely stimulated by the nutrients supplied from the Indian Ocean. Plain Language SummaryResearch on the carbonate system in the tropical regime of the Indonesian Seas is minimal, which hampers our understanding to its essential role in interbasin exchanges of material and energy via the Indonesian throughflow. Here we present a unique data set to examine the dynamics of the carbonate system in the western Indonesian Seas. Based on DIC and TAlk relationships, we show that water mass mixing in the western Indonesian Seas during the southeast monsoon is dominated by zonal wind-mixed waters from the plume of the Kapuas River, the Java Sea and South China Sea mixed water, and the subsurface Indian Ocean water. These processes resulted in homogenous distributions of physical properties and carbonate system parameters. However, biologically mediated DIC consumption occurred in the surface mixed layer of the Sunda Strait, which led to an increase in dissolved oxygen saturation, the saturation state of aragonite (Ω arag ), and pH. Overall, our region was a source of atmospheric CO 2 as previously reported, although the controlling processes may vary with respect to time at both seasonal and interannual timescales.

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“…The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most massive marginal seas globally, and the Indonesian seas (ISS) constitute a significant passage linking the Pacific and Indian oceans (Fang et al, 2010). The SCS and ISS are connected through the Karimata Strait (KS) (Wei et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2019) and Gaspar Strait (Wang et al, 2019). Several numerical studies have revealed that the circulations in SCS and ISs are closely linked mainly through the KS [Metzger and Hurlburt, 1996;Lebedev and Yaremchuk, 2000;Fang et al, 2009;Tozuka et al, 2009;Yaremchuk et al, 2009] including the Gaspar Strait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Simulated and Observed Current Velocities in Karimata and Gaspar Straits

et al. 2020

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Karimata and Gaspar Straits were the connector between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas, which played a role in transporting the Indonesian Through Flow. The current velocities in both straits were studied by comparing outputs from the INDO12 physical ocean model simulation against observation results from the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport Exchange (SITE) program. In general, the magnitudes of the zonal and meridional model current velocities are weaker than observations. Notably, the B1 and B4 moorings show uncertain model values most of the time. It is understandable considering that B1 and B4 moorings are located in a narrow strait (Gaspar Strait), near the coasts. On the contrary, B2 and B3 moorings show comparable magnitude to the two zonal and meridional components' observations Keywords: Karimata Strait, Current Velocities, INDO12, SITE Program

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Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Observed Water Exchange Between the South China Sea and Java Sea Through Karimata Strait

Observed Water Exchange Between the South China Sea and Java Sea Through Karimata Strait

Dynamics of the Carbonate System in the Western Indonesian Seas During the Southeast Monsoon

Comparison of Simulated and Observed Current Velocities in Karimata and Gaspar Straits

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