Seasonal variability in the effect of temperature on key phenological stages of four table grapes cultivars

Quantification of Phenological, Physiological, and Morphological Response of Kiwifruit Varieties under Rainfed Conditions

“…Similarly, rapid GDD accumulation was observed in 2019-2020, due to a higher growing season temperature (GST). This was consistent with the investigations of Ortega-Farias et al [104] and Rafique et al [28], who reported earlier accumulation of GDD under elevated temperatures, which resulted in the fast shift of t h e crop to the next phenological stage. Hence, GDD is a better indicator to quantify the impact of seasonal temperature variability on the phenology of Kiwifruit cultivars compared to other methods.…”

“…The difference in these stages at both of these study locations during the study period can be attributed to the lower temperatures at Rawalpindi and slightly higher temperatures at Chakwal, which prolonged the vegetative growth period [52]. Consequently, temperature variation can affect the duration (days of years) required for bud break [28,91,112]. In comparison to Chakwal, the results showed that bud burst occurred earlier and was completed in fewer days of years (DOY) at Rawalpindi.…”

“…Phenology is the study of changes in the timing of seasonal events like bud burst, flowering, and dormancy. The majority of the phenological events are triggered by temperature, while others are influenced by day length [27][28][29][30]. Understanding the plant phenology is essential to determining its suitability for a particular region [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

“…Pothowar Plateau in Pakistan (32.10º to 34.9ºN latitude and 71.10º to 73.55º E longitude) has an area of 1.82 million hectares and is a significant rainfed region with enormous agricultural, economic, and cultural significance [86][87][88][89]. It has distinct climatic conditions, such as fluctuating air temperatures from below 0ºC in the winter to above 40ºC in the summer, as well as variable rainfall patterns [28,[89][90][91][92][93]. The climate of Pakistan is so diverse that it permits the cultivation of nearly all temperate tropical and subtropical fruits [94].…”

From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries

“…The sensitivity of grape leaves photosynthesis to various environmental factors (water, light and temperature) has been extensively studied (Jackson and Lombard 1993 ; Kolb et al 2001 ; Hendrickson et al 2004 ; Roig-Oliver et al 2020 ; Rafique et al 2023 ). However, it has been shown that the main driver of sugar accumulation in grape berries lies in the unloading process rather than in the ability of source leaves to synthesize and export photosynthetic sugars (Li et al 2021 ).…”