Seasonal Trends, Profiles, and Exposure Risk of PM2.5-bound Bisphenol Analogs in Ambient Outdoor Air: A Study in Shanghai, China

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) possesses a larger surface area, which enables hazardous chemicals to adsorb. The particle can lodge deep in the lungs and bronchi of humans, causing diverse cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 exposure has significant socioeconomic repercussions as well as an increased risk of mortality. Some features of PM2.5 components have yet to be fully comprehended. PM2.5bound bisphenols (BPs), which mostly originate from the incineration of plastic waste, haven't been profoundly documented, and some of their patterns are not explicitly understood. Between July 2019 and November 2020, the measurement of bisphenol A (BPA) and 5 homologous chemicals was undertaken using outdoor PM 2.5 samples from Shanghai. Three BPs (Bisphenol F (BPF), BPA, and bisphenol S (BPS))were majorly identified (88%; 82% and 75% respectively), with concentration ranges (mean; median) of 0.051 to 7.52 ng/m 3 (2.75 ng/m 3 ; 2.40 ng/m 3 ), 0.014 to 6.32 ng/m 3 (2.44 ng/m 3 ; 2.007 ng/m 3 ), and 0.005 to 4.61 ng/m 3 (0.29 ng/m 3 ; 0.031 ng/m 3 ), respectively. The highest average concentrations (BPA: 3.47

Survey on the Environmental Risks of Bisphenol A and Its Relevant Regulations in Taiwan: An Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical of Increasing Concern

“…According to the physicochemical properties of BPA, the high potential for its presence could be occurred in the particulate matter (PM) of the urban atmosphere. However, few studies on the levels of PM-bound BPA in the atmospheric environment were reported in the literature [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Although there were no reports of the BPA levels in the ambient atmosphere of the Taiwan area, two studies were to determine the ambient BPA levels for workers in the BPA-containing plastic manufacturing industry and to evaluate the workers’ health risk [ 50 , 51 ].…”

The Current Status of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics Research: Characterization, Analytical Methods, Fate, and Human Health Risk

“…In addition, discussions are still required to determine the applicability of the framework in studying plastic debris in all environments, including the atmosphere. The sampling of plastic particles in the atmosphere follows the established methods for sampling particulate matter (Dris et al, 2017b;Abbasi et al, 2019;Allen et al, 2019a;Chen et al, 2020;Beaurepaire et al, 2021;Ding et al, 2021;Munyaneza et al, 2022;Pan et al, 2022). Passive and active samplers have been used to sample atmospheric plastic debris in both indoor and outdoor air.…”

Comprehensive Analysis of Organic Micropollutants in Fine Particulate Matter in Hanoi Metropolitan Area, Vietnam

“…BPA was detected at concentrations ≥1.4 ng.m −3 in 26 samples, reaching levels up to 3.03 ng.m −3 in PN2; however, it was not found in TH1, CG3, CG4, or CG8 (Table S1). BPA is released into the atmosphere via the combustion of plastics and has potential hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity, even at low concentrations [30,31]. Inhaling the other detected antioxidants, such as phenols, benzaldehyde, and benzoquinone derivatives, may cause headaches, nausea, or sore throat [32,33].…”