The life cycle of diatoms and dinoflagellates enables them to produce interannually varying dominances. This variability results from life-cycle interactions, physical conditions, and inter-species competition for nutrients and light. In particular, the overall dominant species of the year can be linked to the abundances of resting stages and temperature in spring. 2 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature and life cycle as biotic factors on spring phytoplankton blooms caused by Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kützing) Cleve & Möller and Palatinus apiculatus (Ehrenberg) Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg & Moestrup, in a Hungarian shallow backwater. The composition of plankton communities exhibited a marked interannual heterogeneity. Our results suggested that a slight decrease in temperature in spring favours a spring bloom of vegetative dinoflagellates before encystment begins. However, a rapid increase in temperature results in high abundances of dinoflagellate cysts, which, in turn, leads to the dominance of diatoms. In this case, encystment starts before a pronounced dinoflagellate spring bloom is established.