Drivers of the Ceratium hirundinella and Microcystis aeruginosa coexistence in a drinking water reservoirThe spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton in relation to physical and chemical properties were studied in a drinking water reservoir -the Lázbérc Reservoir -located in north-east Hungary. The main objectives were to determine the role of the hydrologic regime in structuring algal growth and the effects of physical and chemical variables on the coexistence of a dominant species: cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing and an eukaryotic dinoflagellates, Ceratium hirundinella (O.F. Müller) Dujardin. The results suggest that nutrients (TP, NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N), turbidity, and the hydrologic regime play an important role in regulating the occurrence of investigated species. The rainy summer period resulting in a mixing of the water column, and the low level of nitrogen coupled with the internal release of phosphorus from the lake sediment under brief periods of anoxia promote cyanobacterial bloom. During this period, the water column was characterised by high turbidity, which created favourable conditions for developing a huge C. hirundinella biomass and the simultaneous occurrence of M. aeruginosa. This study also demonstrated -that contrary to what was previously known, deep standing waters in the temperate zone are not only dimictic (mixing twice a year during the spring and the fall), but they can also be mixed during the summer period due to continued rainfall, which equalizes the temperature in the whole water column. This can promote the occurrence of cyanobacterial and eukaryote planktonic organisms.
The life cycle of diatoms and dinoflagellates enables them to produce interannually varying dominances. This variability results from life-cycle interactions, physical conditions, and inter-species competition for nutrients and light. In particular, the overall dominant species of the year can be linked to the abundances of resting stages and temperature in spring. 2 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature and life cycle as biotic factors on spring phytoplankton blooms caused by Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kützing) Cleve & Möller and Palatinus apiculatus (Ehrenberg) Craveiro, Calado, Daugbjerg & Moestrup, in a Hungarian shallow backwater. The composition of plankton communities exhibited a marked interannual heterogeneity. Our results suggested that a slight decrease in temperature in spring favours a spring bloom of vegetative dinoflagellates before encystment begins. However, a rapid increase in temperature results in high abundances of dinoflagellate cysts, which, in turn, leads to the dominance of diatoms. In this case, encystment starts before a pronounced dinoflagellate spring bloom is established.
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