Seasonal shifts in large mammal activity relative to fruit availability and hunting risk along a protected area boundary in Borneo

Cosby, Olivia G.; Giman, Belden; Ragai, Roslina; Bodos, Vilma; Deelen, Timothy R. Van; McShea, William J.

doi:10.1111/btp.13229

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The most significant difference between these forests was the presence of mixed-use mosaic at the pulau boundaries. The mixed-use mosaic showed more consistent fruiting, in large part, supported by the presence of pantu palm (Eugeissona utilis) and an early successional invasive tree (Bellucia pentamera), which may have long-term consequences for wildlife communities and forest regeneration (Cosby, 2020;Dillis et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We normalized all counts of fruiting trees by total number of fruit trees within a plot, for example, Count of Fruiting Trees Per Plot = (Total fruiting trees per survey per plot ÷ Total trees in plot)*100. Models were created using the following datasets: full dataset, fruiting trees across all years regardless of genera; subset of full dataset, Shorea which fruits on a multi-year cycle; subset of full dataset, Lithocarpus which fruits regardless of season but the number of trees that produced fruit varied by year at this site and close involvement of community elders who provided insight into farming practices (Cosby, 2020), we believe management was likely the main driver influencing availability of fruit in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If high diversity is maintained, wildlife may be able to track fruit pulses as they become available across the landscape. However, local climate change may also contribute to reduced synchrony of taxa, since local reporting suggests fruiting patterns are increasingly unpredictable (Cosby, 2020;Hosen et al, 2020). Our study focused on trees with fruits and seeds eaten by mammals, according to local knowledge from Iban elders, but there may be species-specific differences in diets, making the availability of fruit more periodic for individual species (Cosby, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iban people's traditional use of forest bordering LEWS includes swidden cultivation, and harvesting diverse forest products. Their traditional practices, and dependency on forest resources, result in high landscape heterogeneity over a small scale, where selectively logged remnants of primary forests are conserved for forest products and surrounded by a mixed-use mosaic of active hill rice fields, pepper gardens, fruit gardens, rubber plantations, fallow fields, and secondary forests in various stages of maturation (Cosby, 2020). The term pulau is a Malay word borrowed, and widely used, by Iban communities to describe remnant forests set aside for harvesting forest products, where primary forest species remain intact and no cultivation of non-wild species occurs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fruit tree phenology in traditionally managed versus protected forests in Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2022

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Community‐managed forests (CF) bordering protected areas are critical to conservation in Borneo. Iban‐managed CF retain tree species characteristic of primary forests within pulau, remnant old growth forests conserved for harvesting forest products. However, the selective felling of large trees, and proximity to surrounding mixed‐use mosaic habitat, likely influence pulau structure and composition. Tropical Asian forests exhibit supra‐annual mast fruiting (3–7 years) and extended periods of fruit scarcity, but fruit trees encouraged and planted by communities, in mixed‐use mosaic bordering pulau, may benefit wildlife during periods of fruit scarcity. We investigated seasonal availability of foods important to wildlife within protected primary forest and pulau at the boundary of the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (LEWS), in Sarawak, Malaysia. We tracked the presence of fruits and seeds, comparing relative composition and fruiting activity between forests, using bi‐monthly phenology surveys across 50 locations (October 2016–2019). We also compared fruit presence along walking transects within LEWS’s primary forest and the mixed‐use mosaic in Iban territories. We found forests within and adjacent to LEWS shared similar composition, synchrony, and extended periods of fruit scarcity. Mixed‐use mosaic bordering pulau provided more consistent fruits, however, due largely to an invasive tree (Bellucia pentamera). Our study suggests pulau retain diversity and synchrony of fruit resources comparable to primary forest, sustaining valuable habitat for wildlife within the greater mixed‐use mosaic of traditional Iban land management practices. These findings are important for understanding resources available to wildlife outside of protected areas, and how CF contribute to conserving biodiversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fruit tree phenology in traditionally managed versus protected forests in Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2022

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The structure of terrestrial mammal communities along an elevation gradient in the tropics.

McShea,

Cosby,

Boyce

et al. 2024

Journal of Mammalogy

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The correlates of mammal species richness and community associations along elevation gradients have resulted in conflicting results within tropical systems. We surveyed the terrestrial mammal and gallinaceous bird community (>200 g body size) along transects at 4 mountain sites in Malaysian Borneo using camera traps to assess structuring of the mammal community along the elevation gradient. Between 2015 and 2021, we surveyed Bukit Lanjak (elevation 1,300 m) in Sarawak (Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary; LEWS) and Mts. Kinabalu, Tambuyukon, and Magdalena (up to 2,400 m) in Sabah, with a total sample effort of 20,600 camera nights. We detected 48 species of mammals and 9 species of large terrestrial birds. There was mostly a common species pool across the sites, with only 9 species detected solely in LEWS and 5 species only in Sabah. Over our limited elevation range, no species were detected across the entire elevation range and no common species were confined to the highest elevation sites in Sabah or LEWS (>1,000 m). A species richness curve for each location indicated a slight peak at ~1,000 m for LEWS, but the mid-elevation peak was not evident at Sabah. The individual response curves of relative abundance to the elevation gradient for 15 species with sufficient detections were similar across sites (1 exception—Malaysian Porcupine) with 6 species showing no correlation with elevation, while 4 species increased and 4 species decreased in detections with elevation. A multivariate analysis of species detections found herbivores at lower elevations and mesocarnivores at higher elevations, while species of the same foraging guilds differed in body size at the same elevation. As opposed to studies focused on smaller vertebrate species (i.e., rodents, songbirds), larger mammal and terrestrial bird communities in these mountains did not form unique communities along the elevation gradient but did structure according to the functional traits of foraging guilds and body size.

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Seasonal shifts in large mammal activity relative to fruit availability and hunting risk along a protected area boundary in Borneo

Cited by 2 publications

References 77 publications

Fruit tree phenology in traditionally managed versus protected forests in Malaysian Borneo

Fruit tree phenology in traditionally managed versus protected forests in Malaysian Borneo

The structure of terrestrial mammal communities along an elevation gradient in the tropics.

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