Seasonal pulses of turbidity and their relations to eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) survival in an estuary

Moore, Kenneth A.; Wetzel, Richard L.; Orth, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(96)02774-8

Cited by 169 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Daily NEM dropped significantly during late summer from , 200 to nearly 0 mmol O 2 m 22 d 21 at the 5 yr site and about 50 to 2100 mmol O 2 m 22 d 21 at the 11 yr site. This agrees well with large losses in shoot density from June to August at both sites (Table 1) and with temperature stress found in other studies at similar latitudes (Orth and Moore 1986;Moore et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Light compensation irradiance increased 10-fold with increasing temperature at both the 5 and 11 yr sites (Fig. 5) over the course of the year, a pattern remarkably similar to that found by Moore et al (1997) from chamber incubations. This is likely due to increased sediment heterotrophic respiration (Murray andWetzel 1987, Moore et al 1997) and Z. marina respiratory requirements with higher temperatures (Marsh et al 1986), as well as to the seasonal variation in plant biomass ( Table 1) and detritus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Previous studies at this limit have shown either partial (Wetzel and Penhale 1979;Orth and Moore 1986;Moore et al 1997) or complete loss (Meling-Ló pez and Ibarra-Obando 1999) of aboveground biomass during summer in response to high temperatures. This seasonal temperature stress can also be seen in the daily NEM at both the 5 and 11 yr sites (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Plants cannot maintain a positive carbon balance if light reaching the canopy is not greater then I comp for the majority of the day (Gacia et al 2005;Ralph et al 2007;Moore et al 2012). Light compensation irradiance increased 10-fold with increasing temperature at both the 5 and 11 yr sites (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Ecosystem metabolism along a colonization gradient of eelgrass (Zostera marina) measured by eddy correlation

Rheuban

Berg

McGlathery

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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The Virginia coastal bays experienced local extinction of eelgrass (Zostera marina) during the early 1930s, and restoration beginning in 2001 has generated an ecosystem state change from bare to vegetated sediments. Oxygen fluxes were measured seasonally using the eddy correlation technique at three sites representing different stages of seagrass colonization: unvegetated (bare), 5 yr, and 11 yr since seeding. Derived seasonal ecosystem respiration (R) and gross primary production (GPP) increased up to 10-fold and 25-fold, respectively, with meadow age. Although hourly oxygen (O 2 ) fluxes were highly correlated with light at the vegetated sites, no identifiable trends with light were observed at the bare site. The light compensation point where O 2 production and respiration are in balance increased from 46 mmol photons m 22 s 21 to 257 mmol photons m 22 s 21 and 63 mmol photons m 22 s 21 to 472 mmol photons m 22 s 21 at the 5 yr and 11 yr seagrass sites, respectively, with increasing seasonal temperatures from 12.3uC to 27.9uC and 9.3uC to 30.5uC, respectively. This suggests that more light, and thus more O 2 production, is required to offset increasing respiration with both temperature and meadow age. Photosynthesisirradiance curves generated from hourly O 2 fluxes throughout the seasons were used to estimate annual net ecosystem metabolism (NEM). Annual NEM rates at the bare, 5 yr, and 11 yr sites were 27.6, 8.6, and 27.0 mol O 2 m 22 yr 21 , respectively. Although the system went through a period of net autotrophy during early stages of colonization, the ecosystem state change from unvegetated sediments to dense seagrass meadows changed the magnitude of both GPP and R, but not the overall metabolic balance of the system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Ecosystem metabolism along a colonization gradient of eelgrass (Zostera marina) measured by eddy correlation

Rheuban

Berg

McGlathery

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…9). Moore et al (1997) showed that a month-long turbidity pulse on the York River, Virginia, resulted in the loss of planted seagrass beds at an upriver site, without raising seasonal median concentrations of total suspended solids above levels at a down river site where planted beds survived. Scientists quoted in media reports attributed large declines of grasses in mesohaline tributaries of the Magothy, Severn, South, and Chester Rivers in 2000 to the spring bloom P. minimum reported here (Huslin 2001;Hyland 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Spring 2000 phytoplankton bloom in Chesapeake Bay on optical properties and light penetration in the Rhode River, Maryland

Gallegos

Jordan

2002

Estuaries

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Accelerating eutrophication manifest as increasing frequency and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms threatens living resources in many estuaries. Effects of large blooms can be difficult to document because blooms are often unexpected and do not always coincide with scheduled sampling programs. Here we use continuously monitored salinity distributions and optical properties to study the spring bloom of the red tide dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum minimum, in the Rhode River, Maryland, a tributary embayment of upper Chesapeake Bay. Salinity distributions, together with weekly cruise measurements of nutrient concentrations, indicate that the bloom commenced with an influx of nitrate at the mouth due to the arrival of a freshet from the Susquehanna River. Arrival of this freshet at the mouth set up an unstable, inverse salinity gradient within the Rhode River. Continuously monitored absorption and scattering spectra indicated that increases in chlorophyll within the Rhode River initially were due to the influx of chlorophyll that had developed in the main stem of the bay. After the influx, much higher concentrations and steep spatial gradients developed within the Rhode River, subsequent to reduced mixing that accompanied re-establishment of a normal estuarine salinity gradient. We used the monitored absorption and scattering coefficients to determine the effect of the bloom on light attenuation coefficients in the Rhode River. The bloom resulted in a nearly three-fold increase in attenuation coefficient. Attenuation was dominated by chlorophyll in the early stages of the bloom and by detritus after the termination of the bloom. Although the bloom lasted only 20 d, the elevated attenuation coefficients due to the bloom exceeded values that would permit growth of submersed vascular plants for a period of about 45 d.

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Effects of experimental reduction of light and nutrient enrichments (N and P) on seagrasses: a review

Leoni

Vela

Pasqualini

et al. 2007

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Excessive nutrient discharge, linked to human activities, is one of the main causes of the decline of seagrass meadows since it modifies two essential parameters controlling their primary production: the nutrient concentrations (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) and the irradiance.2. To investigate the behaviour of seagrass under varied conditions of light and/or nutrient concentrations, it is necessary to experimentally manipulate nutrient enrichment and light, either in situ or in artificial ecosystems. The available experimental information concerning the influences of light reduction and nutrient enrichments (N and P) on seagrass meadows are summarized.3. The protocols for experimentally reducing light vary considerably but all light reduction experiments show a decrease in seagrass vitality and physiological changes (e.g. promotes an increase in chlorophyll and tissue nitrogen), depending on the species-specific tolerance (light optima).4. A wide range of protocols for experimentally increasing nutrient levels have been applied, including varying the nutrient species quantities and ratios, as well as the sources and frequency of additions. Responses to N and/or P enrichment range from stimulation to direct or indirect inhibition, varying depending upon the species, the protocol implemented, the nutrient source (water column versus sediments), and other environmental conditions (e.g. interactions with factors such as temperature, grazing and light).5. Both light reduction and nutrient enrichment, can cause seagrass decline, through similar internal mechanisms, promoting an imbalance of internal nutrient supply ratios. Similar physiological responses can thus be observed (e.g. increase of N, P and chlorophyll contents of leaves).6. This study shows the close link between the physiology and morphology of seagrasses, with regard to environmental modifications. It also highlights their ability to provide information on environmental conditions by means of their responses.

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Seasonal pulses of turbidity and their relations to eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) survival in an estuary

Cited by 169 publications

References 45 publications

Ecosystem metabolism along a colonization gradient of eelgrass (Zostera marina) measured by eddy correlation

Ecosystem metabolism along a colonization gradient of eelgrass (Zostera marina) measured by eddy correlation

Impact of the Spring 2000 phytoplankton bloom in Chesapeake Bay on optical properties and light penetration in the Rhode River, Maryland

Effects of experimental reduction of light and nutrient enrichments (N and P) on seagrasses: a review

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