Seasonal presence of cetaceans and ambient noise levels in polar waters of the North Atlantic

Klinck, Holger; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin; Matsumoto, H.; Dziak, Robert P.

doi:10.1121/1.4740226

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Sperm whale signals were also detected in Fram Strait (Klinck et al, 2012). Of note, airgun sounds from seismic surveys associated with oil and gas exploration were ubiquitous in Fram Strait, as reported in both studies (Klinck et al, 2012;Moore et al, 2012b) (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Ambient Noise and Bioacoustics In The Arcticmentioning

confidence: 53%

Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System

Mikhalevsky¹,

Sagen²,

Worcester³

et al. 2015

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The dramatic reduction of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will increase human activities in the coming years. This activity will be driven by increased demand for energy and the marine resources of an Arctic Ocean accessible to ships. Oil and gas exploration, fisheries, mineral extraction, marine transportation, research and development, tourism, and search and rescue will increase the pressure on the vulnerable Arctic environment. Technologies that allow synoptic in situ observations year-round are needed to monitor and forecast changes in the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system at daily, seasonal, annual, and decadal scales. These data can inform and enable both sustainable development and enforcement of international Arctic agreements and treaties, while protecting this critical environment. In this paper, we discuss multipurpose acoustic networks, including subsea cable components, in the Arctic. These networks provide communication, power, underwater and under-ice navigation, passive monitoring of ambient sound (ice, seismic, biologic, and anthropogenic), and acoustic remote sensing (tomography and thermometry), supporting and complementing data collection from platforms, moorings, and vehicles. We support the development and implementation of regional to basin-wide acoustic networks as an integral component of a multidisciplinary in situ Arctic Ocean observatory.

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Section: Ambient Noise and Bioacoustics In The Arcticmentioning

confidence: 53%

Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System

Mikhalevsky¹,

Sagen²,

Worcester³

et al. 2015

ARCTIC

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“…The window lengths and subsampling intervals used in subsequent studies vary. To maintain consistency in comparing past sound levels with those of the present, 200 s spectral averages have been used with variable subsampling intervals (Andrew et al, 2002;Klinck et al, 2012;Roth et al, 2012). Andrew et al (2002) performed a similar experiment in the Pacific collecting 3 min (200 s) of data every 3-6 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in low-frequency estimates of sound levels based on different units of analysis

Hawkins

Miksis‐Olds

Smith

2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The measurement and analysis of underwater sound is a complicated process because of the variable durations of contributing sources and constantly changing water column dynamics. Because the ambient sound distribution does not always follow a Gaussian structure and may be nonstationary in time, analysis over an extended period is required to accurately characterize the data. Utilizing recordings from the Indian Ocean, the temporal variation in ambient sound including transient signals was examined using multiple processing window lengths and subsampling intervals. Results illustrate the degree of uncertainty in sound levels based on different units of analysis. The average difference between sound level estimates in the 10-30 Hz band due to subsampling was 2 dB and as high as 4 dB. The difference in the full band (5-110 Hz) was as high as 6 dB. Longer averaging windows (200 vs 60 s) resulted in larger variations over different subsampling intervals. This work demonstrates how sampling protocols within a single dataset can influence results and acknowledges that comparative studies at the same location but with different sampling protocols can be substantial if signal processing parameters are not statistically accounted for to confirm interpretation of results and observed trends.

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“…Much of the low frequency noise in the North Atlantic is driven by shipping and oil and gas exploration, both of which are prevalent across the basin (Ross, 2005;Klinck et al, 2012;Nieukirk et al, 2012). In this paper, we present recent (2013)(2014) monthly patterns in ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda and compare them to recordings collected at the same location in 1966 (Perrone, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda and Panama Canal traffic

Širović

Hildebrand

McDonald

2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Comparisons of current and historic ocean ambient noise levels are rare, especially in the North Atlantic. Recent (2013–2014) monthly patterns in ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda were compared to those recorded at the same location in 1966. Additionally, trends in ocean traffic, in particular, Panama Canal traffic, over this time were also investigated. One year of ocean ambient noise measurements were collected in 1966 using cabled, omnidirectional hydrophones at the U.S. Navy Tudor Hill Laboratory in Bermuda, and repeat measurements were collected at the same location from June 2013–May 2014 using a High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package. Average monthly pressure spectrum levels at 44 Hz increased 2.8 ± 0.8 dB from 1966 to 2013, indicating an average increase of 0.6 dB/decade. This low level of increase may be due to topographic shielding at this site, limiting it to only southern exposure, and the limit in the number of ship transits through the Panama Canal, which did not change substantially during this time. The impending expansion of the Canal, which will enable the transit of larger ships at twice the current rate, is likely to lead to a substantial increase in ocean ambient sound at this location in the near future.

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Seasonal presence of cetaceans and ambient noise levels in polar waters of the North Atlantic

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System

Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System

Variation in low-frequency estimates of sound levels based on different units of analysis

Ocean ambient sound south of Bermuda and Panama Canal traffic

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