Seasonal phenology and abundance ofLeucopis argenticollis, Leucopis piniperda(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae),Laricobius nigrinus(Coleoptera: Deridontidae) andAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the Pacific Northwest USA

Kohler, Glenn R.; Wallin, Kimberly F.; Ross, Darrell W.

doi:10.1017/s0007485316000250

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These Leucopis species have not been reported on A. tsugae in the eastern United States of America, and eastern and western lineages of both Leucopis species have distinct genotypes that appear to specialise on different adelgid species. The western strains are currently being evaluated and released as biological control agents for A. tsugae (Ross et al 2010;Grubin et al 2011;Kohler et al 2016;Motley et al 2017;Havill et al 2018). The current study shows that both Leucopis species are present in southwestern Virginia prior to release of the western lineages, which may aid establishment and ease ecological concerns regarding the introduction of foreign organisms to a new ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Predators associated with the pine bark adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a native insect in Appalachian forests, United States of America, in its southern range

et al. 2018

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The pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi (Hartig) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an herbivore native to eastern North America that specialises on eastern white pine, Pinus strobus Linnaeus (Pinaceae). Little is known about P. strobi, especially in its southern range in the Appalachian Mountains, United States of America, and the composition of its predator complex has not yet been documented in this region. The current study identifies arthropod predators associated with P. strobi in Appalachian forests of Virginia based on a two-year survey. Predators were identified using morphology and DNA barcoding. Predator species include: Laricobius rubidus LeConte (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Leucopis piniperda Malloch (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Leucopis argenticollis Zetterstedt (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), that are known adelgid specialists. Also found were predators from the families Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera), and Syrphidae (Diptera). The Cecidomyiidae were especially diverse, with 14 different species inferred from their DNA barcodes. Knowledge of this predator complex is particularly valuable for anticipation and detection of potential interactions between native predator species and those that are being considered for the introduction for biological control of invasive adelgid pests within the southern Appalachian ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Predators associated with the pine bark adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a native insect in Appalachian forests, United States of America, in its southern range

et al. 2018

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“…to be 2.3–3.5 times more abundant than La. nigrinus (Kohler et al ., 2016). However, the earlier study reported data collected at only two sites, one in Oregon and one in Washington.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…larvae feed on the egg stage of both A. tsugae generations while La. nigrinus larvae feed only on the egg stage of the first adelgid generation (Kohler et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study was to see if the results of Kohler et al . (2016), which were based on data collected at only two sites, one in Oregon and one in Washington, are representative of predator abundance throughout a wider portion of A. tsugae range in the Pacific Northwest. Also, in previous studies, it was not possible to determine the species of Leucopis immatures and so data on immature abundance were reported as Leucopis spp., collectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coexistence of three specialist predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Pacific Northwest USA

Rose

Ross

Havill

et al. 2019

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect, introduced from Japan to eastern North America, where it causes decline and death of hemlock trees. There is a closely related lineage of A. tsugae native to western North America. To inform classical biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, the density and phenology of three native western adelgid specialist predators, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), Le. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), were quantified in the Pacific Northwest. Infested branches were collected from western hemlock (Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) at four sites around the Puget Sound, Washington and three sites in Oregon. Immature Leucopis were identified to species using DNA barcodes. Leucopis argenticollis was roughly twice as abundant as Le. piniperda. Laricobius nigrinus larvae were more abundant than the two species of Leucopis during the egg stage of the first adelgid generation, but Leucopis were present as feeding larvae during the second adelgid generation when La. nigrinus was aestivating in the soil, resulting in Leucopis being more abundant than La. nigrinus across the entire sampling period. Adelges tsugae and La. nigrinus densities were not correlated, while A. tsugae and Leucopis spp. densities were positively correlated. Leucopis spp. and La. nigrinus densities were negatively correlated. These results support the complementary use of La. nigrinus and the two Leucopis species for biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, and point to the need for further investigation of spatial and temporal niche partitioning among the three predator species.

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“…Because A. tsugae has two generations per year in its invaded range, it is critical that biological control efforts address both. Kohler et al (2016) found that Leucopis spp. exhibit peak abundances coinciding with both A. tsugae progrediens and sistens egg stages in the PNW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding byLeucopis argenticollisandLeucopis piniperda(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) from the western USA onAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the eastern USA

Motley

Havill

Arsenault-Benoit

et al. 2017

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) are known to feed on the lineage of Adelges tsugae Annand that is native to western North America, but it is not known if they will survive on the lineage that was introduced from Japan to the eastern USA. In 2014, western Leucopis spp. larvae were brought to the laboratory and placed on A. tsugae collected in either Washington (North American A. tsugae lineage) or Connecticut (Japanese lineage). There were no significant differences in survival or developmental times between flies reared on the two different adelgid lineages. In 2015 and 2016, western Leucopis spp. adults were released at two different densities onto enclosed branches of A. tsugae infested eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) in Tennessee and New York. Cages were recovered and their contents examined 4 weeks after release at each location. Leucopis spp. larvae and puparia of the F1 generation were recovered at both release locations and adults of the F1 generation were collected at the Tennessee location. The number of Leucopis spp. offspring collected increased with increasing adelgid density, but did not differ by the number of adult flies released. Flies recovered from cages and flies collected from the source colony were identified as L.argenticollis and L. piniperda using DNA barcoding. These results demonstrate that Leucopis spp. from the Pacific Northwest are capable of feeding and developing to the adult stage on A. tsugae in the eastern USA and they are able to tolerate environmental conditions during late spring and early summer at the southern and northern extent of the area invaded by A. tsugae in the eastern USA.

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Seasonal phenology and abundance ofLeucopis argenticollis, Leucopis piniperda(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae),Laricobius nigrinus(Coleoptera: Deridontidae) andAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the Pacific Northwest USA

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Predators associated with the pine bark adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a native insect in Appalachian forests, United States of America, in its southern range

Predators associated with the pine bark adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a native insect in Appalachian forests, United States of America, in its southern range

Coexistence of three specialist predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Pacific Northwest USA

Feeding byLeucopis argenticollisandLeucopis piniperda(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) from the western USA onAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the eastern USA

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