Seasonal Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Features

Abstract

Introduction:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the most common health problems in the world and the leading cause of death.Goal:The goals of this study are to determine: ACS type, risk factors, incidence and the seasonal distribution of occurrence Spring/Summer, Autumn/Winter, ACS incidence by age and gender, and complications (post-infarction angina and heart failure) and fatal outcomes of ACS per season.Material and methodology:This study is designed as retrospective-prospective and analytical, which included 250 patients hospitalized in the Intensive Cardiac care unit of the Clinic for heart disease, blood vessels and rheumatism in the period from June 2013 to July 2014. It was assumed that there is the influence of the seasons on the incidence and characteristics of ACS. Material used were the medical records and data from the history of illness.Results:The most common type of ACS was ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), without statistical significant difference between seasons. Presence of risk factors is not significantly different between seasons, with the hypertension as the most common risk factor for ACS during both seasons. The highest incidence of ACS was recorded in December during the winter season, while the lowest incidence was recorded in March. The occurrence of ACS during the Spring/Summer, Autumn/Winter was different according to age, with more frequent occurrence of ACS in older patients during the winter months. ACS complications (postinfaction angina and cardiac insufficiency) were also statistically different between seasons (p=0.048). Fatal ACS is more often recorded during the season Autumn/Winter compared to Spring/Summer season (p=0.001).Conclusion:The results suggest seasonal meteorological impact on the incidence, complications and outcomes of ACS, so there is a necessity that patients adapt their lifestyle and health professionals to improve the ACS treatment.

Does climate change affect the chronobiological trends in the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome?

“…However, in the analysis conducted in 2017 by Nagarajan et al [30] winter predominance was noted in NSTEMI admissions but not in STEMI cases. It is interesting to note that Hodzic et al [31] not only observed an increase in admissions in winter but also the fact that STEMI was the most common type of ACS, which does not correspond with the result of our study. Even though, in our study, the coldest period was in fact winter, collected data showed that the season with the highest admission rate for ACS was spring.…”

Associations of apparent temperature with acute cardiac events and subtypes of acute coronary syndromes in Beijing, China

“…Although a number of studies have reported the association between temperature and morbidity of AMI (several were on STEMI), few studies investigated the association stratified by subtypes of AMI. Besides, previous studies indicated an important role for temperature in the incidence of ACS 17 . However, epidemiological studies evaluating the effect of temperature on incidence of ACS are relatively scarce, let alone on effect differences between STEMI and NSTE-ACS 11 , 18 – 22 .…”

Potential Anti-inflammatory Treatment of Ischaemic Hearth Disease

“…It is known that 50% of patients with IHD have no known risk factors. It is assumed that in such cases inflammatory reactions have a significant role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease ( 7 ). The associationof IHD and some infectious agents such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Herpes Simplex Virus, CytoMegaloVirus and Hepatitis A, respiratory tract infections and dental infections are mentioned in earlier epidemiological studies ( 8 , 9 ).…”