Seasonal fluctuation of trypanosomiasis in camels in North-West Egypt and effect of age, sex, location, health status and vector abundance on the prevalence

Sobhy, Hassan M.; Barghash, Safaa M.; Behour, Tahani S.; Razin, Esam A.

doi:10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.01.003

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is because, although the exact mechanism of action is unclear, evidence suggests an immunosuppressive role for testosterone which would hamper the elimination of parasites (17). In addition, the results in present study showed that the highest rate of infection in adult camels more two years (≥ 2yr) was 28.33%, while the lowest rate in young camels less than two years (< 2yr) was 16.66 %.The results agree with study on Iraqi camels done by (18), and with other study done on Iraqi bovine by (4), also with study in Egypt done by (19), and in Saudi Arabia (20), they pointed to high infection rates in the in adult camels may be due to heavy stress through their use for transportation of goods, poor management, immune status of animals which depressed with progressive in age and infection with disease that may predisposed to T. evansi (19), also it is thought that presence of maternal immunity during the first 6-12 months of life is play a vital role in protection against different infection and this form of passive immunity is greatly diminished after two year of age (21).…”

Section: : Figure 3 Comparison Between Males and Females Of Iraqi Csupporting

confidence: 92%

Study Iron Homeostasis of Infected and Non-Infected Iraqi Camels with Trypanosomiasis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trypanosomiasis is one of the common parasitic diseases, which infects the dromedary camels and decreases the numbers of these animals in Iraq. To get the best knowledge of the changes of iron status in camels infected with trypanosomiasis, in an attempt to take advantage of these variables as markers for infection, we designed this study. The current study conducted in blood sample collection from155 dromedary camels, 33 were infected (21.29%), according to the status of infection with Trypanosoma evansi that depends on blood smear examination as a golden test. Results denote significant differences of infection ratio by sex and age, from total of 132 male tested, 29 (21.96%) infected, distributed into 12 (%41.37) of age ≤ 2 years and 17 (58.62) of ≥ 2 years. From 23 female tested, 4 (17.39%) were infected at age ≤ 2 years. Furthermore, the results of this study demonstrated significant (p˂0.05) decrease in total serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, whereas increased in total iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding capacity in the infected male and female camels with different age. Analyzed data of iron status parameters denoted that the cutoff point test between sensitivity (97) and specificity (100) for serum iron is (≤67.26), for transferrin saturation is (≤17.23) between the sensitivity and specificity (100) and (≥378.66), for total iron binding capacity between the sensitivity and specificity (93.9 and 96.7) respectively. Also, the cutoff point test between the sensitivity (100) and specificity (96.7) for unsaturated iron binding capacity is (≥301.27) and ferritin concentration has a cutoff point is (≤ 249.88) for the sensitivity (100) and specificity (99.2). It could be concluded from what was stated in the results of the current study, that the measurement of the concentration of serum ferritin could be considered as a good marker for the T. evansi infection

show abstract

Section: : Figure 3 Comparison Between Males and Females Of Iraqi Csupporting

confidence: 92%

Study Iron Homeostasis of Infected and Non-Infected Iraqi Camels with Trypanosomiasis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…of studiesHost c No. of studies per hostDetection methodsReferencesAfricaAlgeria2Camel1Stained blood smear[89]Horse1Unspecified microscopic method[90]Chad1Camel1HCT and PCR[91]Egypt13Buffalo1CATT[82]Camel10Stained blood smear, mouse inoculation, CATT, ELISA, Suratex, Latex, thymol turbidity, PCR[1, 77, 92–99]Cattle2ELISA, PCR[100, 101]Goat1Stained blood smear, CATT, PCR[96]Sheep1Stained blood smear, CATT, PCR[96]Human1Stained blood smear, ELISA[77]Ethiopia a 8Camel8Stained blood smear, HCT, CATT, ITL, PCR[83, 102–108]Cattle1HCT, CATT, PCR[83]Donkey1CATT, ITL, PCR[83]Goat1HCT, CATT, ITL, PCR[83]Horse1PCR[83]Mule1PCR[83]Sheep1HCT, CATT, ITL, PCR[83]Ghana b 1Tsetse fly1PCR[30]Kenya9Camel9HCT, mouse inoculation, CATT, ELISA, Suratex, Latex, IHA, PCR[13, 109–116]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanosomes are unicellular flagellar protozoa belonging to the family of Trypanosomatidae and the genus Trypanosoma [1]. The genus Trypanosoma comprises many species causing diseases called trypanosomoses in domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSurra is an animal trypanosomosis, caused by infection with Trypanosoma evansi and leading to severe economic loss due to mortality and morbidity. Compared to tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomoses, little attention is given to the epidemiology and control of surra. Understanding its epidemiology is a first step in local and global efforts to control the disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on distribution, host ranges and prevalence of T. evansi infection.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for publications on T. evansi that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Subsets of publications were subjected to meta-analysis for the pooled prevalence of T. evansi in various hosts as determined by multiple detection methods.ResultsA total of 272 references published between 1906–2017 were included. Trypanosoma evansi was reported from 48 countries; largely confined to Africa and Asia with publications on natural T. evansi infections from 77% (n = 48) of countries, contrasting with seven countries in South America, and four in Europe where T. evansi is not endemic but was imported with infected animals. Although surra is a notifiable disease, many countries do not report surra cases to OIE. Trypanosoma evansi was mainly reported from dromedary camels in Africa and the Middle East, water buffaloes, cattle, dogs and horses in East and Southeast Asia. In South America, the acute form of the disease was reported in horses and dogs. Surra was also reported in a wide range of wild animals. Some rare human cases occurred in India and Vietnam. Meta-analysis on a subset of 165 publications indicated pooled prevalence of T. evansi in domestic animals ranging from 14–31%, 6–28% and 2–9% using respectively antibody detection, molecular and parasitological tests, with camels as the most affected, followed by buffalo and cattle.ConclusionsThis study illustrates that T. evansi affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals in Africa, Asia and South America with highest prevalence observed in dromedary camels. For successful control of T. evansi, both locally and globally, the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of surra needs further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3311-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Similarly, a higher prevalence of trypanosomosis than the present finding was also reported 21% in Ethiopia, 29 28% in Kenya, 30 68.7% in Somalia, 31 and 20.6% in Egypt. 32 This difference may be related to the difference in the ecosystem, distribution, and uses of the trypanocidal drug and the seasons when the studies were conducted in which distribution of biting flies are either increase or decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel Trypanosomosis in Yabelo and Gomole Districts in Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Based on Parasitological Examinations

Rafu¹,

Tulu

Negera³

2021

VMRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Trypanosomosis is the most prevalent disease and causes serious economic losses in Ethiopia. The disease is among the major constraint to camel production in the country. Hence, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and associated risk factors of camel trypanosomosis in the Borana zone, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 using parasitological techniques in the Yabelo and Gomole districts of the Borana zone. A total of 384 camels were randomly selected and tested using wet blood film (thin) and the Giemsa-stained technique. The packed cell volume (PCV) of sampled camels was recorded using a hematocrit reader. Results: An overall 3.91% prevalence of camel trypanosomosis was observed in study areas. Trypanosoma-infected camel had significant (P=0.0001) lower mean PCV (20.73±1.91) than non-infected camel (27.07±4.35). The current study showed body condition of camel (OR=6.8, 95% CI: 1.44-31.83) and season (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.04-9.07) as risk factors for the occurrence of camel trypanosomosis. However, the sex, age, and origin (district) of camel did not affect the occurrence of camel trypanosomosis in the study areas. Conclusion: Camel trypanosomosis impeded camel production in the study areas. Therefore, control and prevent methods considering seasonality, different ecology is necessary to design and implement. Moreover, a further study involving more sensitive molecular techniques should be conducted on camel trypanosomosis and their vectors.

show abstract

Seasonal fluctuation of trypanosomiasis in camels in North-West Egypt and effect of age, sex, location, health status and vector abundance on the prevalence

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Study Iron Homeostasis of Infected and Non-Infected Iraqi Camels with Trypanosomiasis

Study Iron Homeostasis of Infected and Non-Infected Iraqi Camels with Trypanosomiasis

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

Camel Trypanosomosis in Yabelo and Gomole Districts in Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Based on Parasitological Examinations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About