Seasonal distribution of parasites in freshwater exotic carps of West Bengal, India

Abstract

The study has been carried to find out the distribution of different parasites in Exotic carps with respect to different months and seasons. These were isolated and identified from the fishes sampled randomly from five fish markets, which were representing South 24 parganas district, West Bengal. During the study period ten different types of parasites were observed such as Trichodina sp, Chilodonella sp, Trichinella sp., Acanthocephala sp, Nematodes, Epistylis sp, Zoothamnium sp, Vorticella sp, developmental stages of eggs or parasites and some parasites (unidentified) among which most of the parasites were protozoan. Among all the parasites the most dominant were Trichodina sp, Chilodonella sp and Nematodes. Winter was the most vulnerable period to get parasitic infestation. During this period the water quality get deteriorated and the fishes were in stressed condition which favours the parasites to infest. Some parasites were found more during summer which favours their reproduction due to the availability of their intermediate host. In monsoon the temperature fluctuates which also favours growth of some parasites. During the study period Trichinella sp were found solely in Cyprinus carpio exclusively in winter.The protozoan parasites were most available during winter and these were the dominant parasites in exotic carps. These parasites were found mostly on gills and skin of the fishes where as nematodes were found in the intestine and body cavity of the fishes.

Mussel biofiltration effects on attached bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes in fish-rearing seawater

“…was the dominant eukaryotic OTU in the control tank, which, however, was drastically reduced through mussel biofiltration. Although this epibiont ciliate has not been found as a parasite of farmed sea bass it is a well-known parasite of copepods ( Burris & Dam, 2014 ), white shrimp ( Vidal-Martínez, Jiménez-Cueto & Simá-Álvarez, 2002 ) and freshwater carps ( Dash, Majumder & Raghu Ramudu, 2015 ).…”

Fish parasites can reflect environmental quality in fish farms

“…88 Previous studies highlighted this mechanism of trichodinid infestation. [89][90][91] Evaluating the dynamics of Trichodina nobilis infestation in carp (C. carpio) rearing, Nikoli and Simonivi 89 reported a higher incidence in spring, while a high prevalence of Trichodina spp. was also observed in Tilapia species (O.…”

“…niloticus and Oreochromis aureus) during the spring, decreasing its occurrence in later seasons. 90 Dash et al 91 Corroborating this fact, Dumbo et al 92 showed that in summer there was a significant increase in the prevalence and mean intensity of intestinal parasites Masenia nkomatiensis and Glossidium pedatum (Digenea) in C. gariepinus. The authors attributed this effect to two factors: the first is related to the increase in temperature in summer, as high temperatures accelerate the metabolism and, consequently, the development rates of these parasites in the hosts; while likewise, with increasing temperature, there is a greater spread of intermediate hosts (snails) in the environment.…”

Unveiling associations between ciliate parasites and bacterial microbiomes under warm‐water fish farm conditions – a review

“…The prevalence of some Chilodonella species can be higher in cold seasons as anoxic conditions and lower temperatures provide optimal conditions for their reproduction (Dash et al . , 2015). Lower water temperatures have been shown to negatively influence fish specific immunity (Le Morvan et al .…”

“…In contrast to this, Chilodonella uncinata Ehrenberg, 1838 and Chilodonella cucullus Ehrenberg, 1833 are considered as opportunistic, winter (below 12°C) ciliate parasites of freshwater fish species such as C. carpio in Europe (Migala & Kazubski, 1972). The prevalence of some Chilodonella species can be higher in cold seasons as anoxic conditions and lower temperatures provide optimal conditions for their reproduction (Dash et al, 2015). Lower water temperatures have been shown to negatively influence fish specific immunity (Le Morvan et al, 1998).…”