Seasonal characteristics of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a petrochemical and oil refinery industrial area on the west coast of South Korea

Thang, Phan Quang; Kim, Seong-Joon; Lee, Sang-Jin; Jin, Yanchao; Seo, Young-Kyo; Baek, Sung‐Ok; Choi, Sung-Deuk

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.008

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Therefore, it could be considered that the PAH levels in the study area are affected by local sources as well as partially by the PAH emissions in China and North Korea, which are located in the windward direction. Similar trends were also observed in Seoul [43], near the Sihwa-Banwol area, and in Daesan [27], which are located on the west coast of Korea. However, interpretation of the BeP/BaP data needs to be conducted carefully, because the accuracy of the method of identifying pollution sources using PAH diagnostic ratios is still uncertain [56].…”

Section: Seasonality Of Haps Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The mean recovery rate was 80% (with a standard deviation of 4 %). The extraction method adopted in this study is comparable to the standard methods used by other analytical studies [25][26][27].…”

Section: Quality Control and Quality Assurancementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Numerous studies worldwide have demonstrated that there are significant seasonal variations in PAH concentrations depending on the amount of fossil fuel combustion [9,27,44,[50][51][52][53][54]. Similarly, this study investigated the seasonality of PAH and heavy metal concentrations in the Sihwa-Banwol area, and the data are represented as box plots in Fig.…”

Section: Seasonality Of Haps Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As BaP decomposes faster in the atmosphere than its isomer BeP, the ratio of BeP/BaP is frequently used to identify whether the sources of PAHs are local or long-distance [27,43]. A ratio closer to 1 suggests a larger influence of local sources, whereas as the value increases, long-distance sources become the more apparent contributors [27]. In this study, the BeP/BaP ratios in winter and autumn were 0.9 and 1.2, which were close to 1, while the summer and spring ratios ranged from 1.5 to 2.0.…”

Section: Seasonality Of Haps Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants and affecting factors in the largest industrial area in South Korea: The Sihwa-Banwol complex

Baek

Seo

Kim

et al. 2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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Ambient air monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants was performed from 2005 to 2007 in the Sihwa-Banwol industrial complexes, which is the largest industrial area in Korea. The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, their spatial and seasonal distributions, and the factors affecting the variations in concentrations were investigated. The annual average concentration of benzo[a]pyrene was 1.27 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, with a maximum of 10.41 ng/m<sup>3</sup>. The PAH levels between the industrial and residential sites did not differ significantly, although heavy metals strongly related to industrial activities showed a clear variation between the two groups. Thus, industrial activities were not the only sources of PAHs; they also included automobile emissions and residential heating fuels. Coal-fired power plants outside the city and transboundary contributions from China and North Korea also affected the PAH levels in the area. Although ambient levels of heavy metals had no specific seasonal pattern, PAH levels showed distinct seasonal variations, with the highest level in winter. Factors affecting the PAH concentrations were vehicle exhaust, domestic heating, industrial activities, incineration within the area, and fuel combustion outside the area. The Sihwa-Banwol industrial complexes can be regarded as a hot-spot of PAH pollution in the Seoul metropolitan area.

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Section: Seasonality Of Haps Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Quality Control and Quality Assurancementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Seasonality Of Haps Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seasonality Of Haps Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants and affecting factors in the largest industrial area in South Korea: The Sihwa-Banwol complex

Baek

Seo

Kim

et al. 2019

Environmental Engineering Research

Self Cite

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“…Some studies have identified the emission of coke ovens as being supported by NAP, BgP and IcP [ 71 , 72 ]. Petroleum combustion is indicated by a higher fraction of HMW species, especially BbF, IcP and BgP [ 73 ]. Meanwhile, 14.48% of the overall variation was clarified by PC2, primarily weighted by BkF, BaA, and FLA. As a tracer for diesel emissions, the three species in PC2 were identified [ 71 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Sopian

Jalaludin

Bakar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to assess the association of exposure to particle-bound (PM2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential genotoxicity and cancer risk among children living near the petrochemical industry and comparative populations in Malaysia. PM2.5 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler for 24 h at three primary schools located within 5 km of the industrial area and three comparative schools more than 20 km away from any industrial activity. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometer was used to determine the analysis of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs. A total of 205 children were randomly selected to assess the DNA damage in buccal cells, employing the comet assay. Total PAHs measured in exposed and comparative schools varied, respectively, from 61.60 to 64.64 ng m−3 and from 5.93 to 35.06 ng m−3. The PAH emission in exposed schools was contributed mainly by traffic and industrial emissions, dependent on the source apportionment. The 95th percentiles of the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimated using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the inhalation risk for the exposed children and comparative populations was 2.22 × 10−6 and 2.95 × 10−7, respectively. The degree of DNA injury was substantially more severe among the exposed children relative to the comparative community. This study reveals that higher exposure to PAHs increases the risk of genotoxic effects and cancer among children.

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Toxicity determination, pollution source delineation, and microbial diversity evaluation of PAHs‐contaminated sediments for an urban river

Yao

Lin

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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The Feng‐Sang River is a metropolitan river in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. In this study, Feng‐Sang River sediments were analyzed to investigate the distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), potentially carcinogenic PAHs (TEQcarc), and toxic equivalence quotient (TEQ) were applied to evaluate influences of PAHs on ecosystems and microbial diversities. Results indicate that PAHs concentrations varied between seasons and locations. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs ranged from 73.6 to 603.8 ng/kg in dry seasons and from 2.3 to 199.3 ng/kg in wet seasons. This could be because of the flushing effect during wet seasons, which caused the movement and dilution of the PAH‐contaminated sediments. Diagnostic ratio analysis infers that high PAHs levels were generated by combustion processes and vehicle traffic, and results from multivariate descriptive statistical analysis also demonstrate that the vehicular traffic pollution could be the major emission source of PAHs contamination. Comparisons of PAHs with SQGs indicate that PAHs concentrations in sediment were below the effects range low (ERL) values, and thus, the immediate threat to organisms might not be significant. The diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAH source appointment. The metagenomic assay results imply that sediments contained essential microbial species with eminent diversity. The detected PAH‐degrading bacteria (Desulfatiglans, Dechloromonas, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Rhodobacter, Clostridium, and Exiguobacterium) played a key role in PAHs biotransformation, and Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter had a higher relative abundance. Results of microbial diversity analyses indicate that the contaminated environment induced the changes of governing microbial groups in sediments. Practitioner Points Diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAHs source appointment. Microbial composition in sediments are highly affected by anthropogenic pollution. Combustion and vehicle traffic contribute to urban river sediments pollution by PAHs. Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter are dominant PAHs‐degrading bacteria in sediments.

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Seasonal characteristics of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a petrochemical and oil refinery industrial area on the west coast of South Korea

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants and affecting factors in the largest industrial area in South Korea: The Sihwa-Banwol complex

Monitoring of particulate hazardous air pollutants and affecting factors in the largest industrial area in South Korea: The Sihwa-Banwol complex

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Toxicity determination, pollution source delineation, and microbial diversity evaluation of PAHs‐contaminated sediments for an urban river

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